含砂低液限粉土路基冲击压实技术研究

针对含砂低液限粉土路用性能差,常规压实方法难以达到压实度要求等施工难题,采用冲击碾压技术进行路基补压试验,获取冲压遍数、冲压沉降量等施工控制参数。通过试验确定采用沉降与面波法进行冲压质量评价,为全线推广使用冲击压实技术提供技术保障。     

冻土铁路涵洞施工对地基土地温的影响

通过对青藏铁路沱沱河试验段2座试验涵洞进行地温现场监测和观测数据的分析,研究适合青藏高原特殊施工环境的涵洞施工工艺、最佳施工季节、施工对多年冻土的影响以及沿涵洞轴向多年冻土上限的变化特征。研究表明:涵洞施工选择在寒季且选用预制基础,对冻土的热扰动较小;受涵洞施工热扰动、路基填土储热以及涵洞过水等的影响,建涵初期涵洞下多年冻土地温升高,且有部分融化现象;由于涵洞的通风与遮阳作用,涵洞下多年冻土近地表地温的变化特征与天然地面下有明显的不同,涵内浅层地温对气温的响应比天然地面相应深度迟缓,浅层地温年波动幅度逐渐减小,尤其在夏季正温波动幅度明显减小,同时沿涵洞轴向不同部位地温变化特征也有所不同,涵身地基地温正温波动幅度小于进出口,而负温波动幅度大于进出口,与此相应,涵身冻土的人为上限一般也高于洞口,说明路基和涵洞具有保温隔热的作用。     

城市交通影响分析的标准化

交通影响分析标准化是规划发展的必然趋势,针对目前我国交通影响分析标准化中的问题,分析了阻碍城市交通影响分析健康发展的制约因素,借鉴国外发达国家的先进经验,对制定我国城市交通影响分析的标准,建立我国交通影响分析的标准体系提出了一些建议。     

强夯法在万州五桥机场高填方工程中的应用

针对重庆万州五桥机场高填方工程 ,采用强夯法进行填筑体回填试验 ,试验结果证明对于当地风化泥岩碎石土 ,采用 2 0 0 0kN·m夯击能 ,点距 3 5m ,松填厚度 4m的强夯参数是合理的     

A comparative study on damage assessment of tubular members subjected to mass impact

This paper focuses on the behaviour of tubular members when subjected to low-velocity mass impact. Particular emphasis is given to the numerical assessment of impact damage and the classification of impact response of tubular members. Damage extents of 12 tubular frame test models were predicted and used for quantifying the modelling uncertainties of the numerical tools. USFOS and ABAQUS software packages were used with beam and shell elements, respectively. Based on the test results and the parametric studies performed, the influence of the geometrical parameters and the interaction between the local shell denting and the global beam deformation modes are discussed. A classification of the impact response of the tubular members based on their relative resistance against shell denting and beam plastic collapse load is proposed. Finally, existing analytical models for each energy dissipation mode are visited and modifications are proposed.     

轮缘推进器水动力性能影响因素数值研究

为指导轮缘推进器(RDT)水动力学设计,借助CFD方法,对RDT各主要几何特征对其水动力性能影响开展研究。首先,验证CFD数值方法分析RDT水动力特性的有效性;然后,基于CFD研究RDT水动力性能的各主要影响因素,主要包括导管的长径比、扩散比、导管收缩比和桨叶梢径比。结果表明:RDT最佳长径比随载荷系数递增,并趋于一极限值,相比于导管扩散比和收缩比,导管长径比因素更能主导RDT的设计优化;RDT最佳扩散比随载荷系数递减,并趋于一极限值,最佳扩散比随长径比递减;RDT的收缩比对水动力性能影响不及扩散比和长径比显著,最佳收缩比随载荷系数呈线性递增,随长径比递减;RDT的最佳梢径比随载荷系数递增,无毂RDT比有毂RDT具有更小的最优梢径比。研究结果可为轮缘推进器的水动力学设计和优化提供参考。     

Cost effective future derailment mitigation techniques for rail freight traffic management in Europe

Safe and reliable traffic management is vital for uninterrupted and successful operation of the European rail network, where mixed traffic (i.e. freight and passenger) services are run. Although rail freight derailment is infrequent, its consequences can be severe and may result in different forms of costs, including infrastructure; rolling stock; traffic disruptions; injuries and fatalities. The objective of this research paper is to conduct a cost benefit analysis (CBA) to identify cost effective mitigation techniques for efficient rail freight traffic management in Europe, by 2050. Reviewing previous derailments and studies, eight sets of derailment causes are analysed and, for each of them, sets of mitigation techniques are aimed at for their alleviation. The study finds that the highest cumulative costs of derailment are associated with ‘wheel failure’, while the lowest cumulative cost is identified for ‘excessive track width’. Regarding mitigation techniques, the lowest cumulative benefits are demonstrated for ‘track height’ interventions, whereas ‘wheel failure’ alleviation demonstrates the highest benefits, in value terms (all by 2050). In most cases, the benefit to cost ratio did not exceed 2.6; in two cases (‘track height’ and ‘rail failures’) the ratio remained below 1 – a negative outcome where cost is higher than benefit. The study suggests that the most cost-efficient interventions are those applied to ‘hot axle box and axle rupture’ and ‘spring and suspension failure’.     

船用空调机组压缩机液击故障分析及排除

某型船中央空调系统采用1台压缩机(Carrier 5 H86型)配备2台空调器的形式,使用1404A型号制冷剂.文章结合该型空调机组屡次发生压缩机液击现象,通过理论分析和实际应用,找出问题所在,提出具体解决方案,并在实际应用中得以验证其合理性.     

新型桁架箱体浮筏结构重量优化研究

结合桁架结构的优点,将桁架结构应用于传统浮筏形成一种新型桁架箱体浮筏结构,并对其重量进行优化。首先在有限元软件Abaqus中建立了桁架箱体浮筏模型,然后基于模态分析,重力场分析和抗冲击分析,以筏架上、下面板厚度为设计变量,分析了面板厚度变化对结构刚度及强度水平的影响,且在保证足够刚度和强度水平的前提下,浮筏减重可达15.4%。本文的研究可为新型桁架箱体浮筏的结构轻量化设计奠定基础。     

Mitigating environmental impacts in advance: Evidence of cost and time savings for transportation projects

The traditional model for mitigating a transportation project’s environmental impacts typically operates project-by-project and delivers the mitigation just-in-time. In contrast, the newer practice of advance mitigation comprehensively assesses and mitigates impacts from one or multiple transportation projects before or during project planning, sometimes long before project construction begins. The practice has gained adherents for its potential to improve ecological outcomes, by better aligning mitigation and conservation goals. Advance mitigation also stands to reduce mitigation costs, an important secondary benefit for transportation agencies with constrained resources. Evidence of cost savings, however, has been piecemeal and anecdotal. This paper advances knowledge of advance mitigation’s financial impacts in two ways. First, it critically assesses the evidence about cost savings realized through advance mitigation, both through avoided up-front costs and reduced project delay. Second, it directly estimates the project time savings that might accrue with advance mitigation of state highway projects in California. Overall, the balance of evidence is encouraging for transportation agencies that would introduce the practice, and general agreement exists on its financial benefits. Considering project delays related only to the environmental process, we estimate advance mitigation could reduce delivery times by 1.3–5.0 months per project. Still, we also identify factors limiting comprehensive analysis. Transportation agencies adopting advance mitigation practices into their operations could use a pilot approach that includes rigorous environmental and mitigation cost accounting; such pilots would build needed empirical evidence of advance mitigation’s financial and ecological outcomes.