The role of the air transport service in interregional long-distance students’ mobility in Italy

This study investigates the role of air transport service in the attractiveness of universities to national students, examining how it might stimulate local economic development by attracting highly skilled labor. Examining the flow of Italian university students at the provincial level in 2003–2012, we find that the air transport service affects university attractiveness for long-distance students living at least 300 km from their university. Specifically, accessibility increases with the proximity of universities to airports, when low-cost carriers serve university routes and more alternative airports exist at the origin. Further, our results suggest that, over the last decade, air transport service has facilitated mobility of long-distance students from southern areas to universities in the north of Italy, where students generally move to increase their future prospects.     

舰载刚性充气艇整船结构强度有限元分析

基于通用有限元软件Patran/Nastran,采用层合板单元模拟"三明治"夹芯结构;依据滑行艇艇体外载荷的简化计算法确定艇体所受的砰击载荷,并借助Adams软件建立机枪虚拟模型得出机枪射击时的最大作用力。根据艇体所受的砰击载荷和机枪在不同射击角度时的作用力,确定3种工况,计算分析舰载刚性充气艇在不同工况下的受力情况。结果显示,文章采用的分析方法和提出的建议可为舰载刚性充气艇的结构设计提供参考。     

船用泡沫铝夹层板在低温下的冲击动态响应研究

泡沫铝夹层板具有良好的动态能量吸收性能,在极地船舶抗冲击防护方面具有巨大的潜在应用前景。文章利用ABAQUS有限元软件,结合准静态拉伸压缩材料试验,建立了船用泡沫铝夹层板的低温动态冲击数值仿真模型,研究了其动态冲击响应与抗冲击性能,并采用Instran 9350落锤冲击试验机对数值仿真模型进行了试验验证。在此基础上,研究了低温和冲击能量对船用泡沫铝夹层板动态冲击响应的影响。结果表明,随着冲击能量的增加,常温和低温条件下船用夹层板的冲击力峰值、最大挠度和最终挠度遵从乘幂增长规律。与常温相比,低温下船用泡沫铝夹层板的面板变形较小,且随着冲击能量的增加,低温的影响更为显著,即船用泡沫铝夹层板在低温下具有更好的抗冲击性能。     

车轮扁疤引发附加冲击力对车轴应力谱影响的研究

根据低接头冲击力公式与扁疤冲击速度公式,引入了一种简化的扁疤冲击力计算公式。为求得含扁疤冲击时车轴危险截面的应力,利用Koettgen虚应力求解策略,将左轮和右轮的横向、垂向随机轮轨作用力与扁疤冲击力解耦分别进行线弹性有限元计算,然后对应力分量叠加,利用Neuber缺口应力修正算法计算局部应力应变历程。本文根据数值仿真求解车轴应力谱的思路,利用上述方法计算了含扁疤冲击时车轴危险截面的应力谱,为疲劳可靠性评定提供了依据。     

Impact of telecommuting on spatial and temporal patterns of household travel

A spatial and temporal analysis of travel diary data collected during the State of California Telecommuting Pilot Project is performed to determine the impacts of telecommuting on household travel behavior. The analysis is based on geocoded trip data where missing trips and trip attributes have been augmented to the extent possible. The results confirm the earlier finding that the Pilot Project telecommuters substantially reduced travel; on telecommuting days, the telecommuters made virtually no commute trips, reduced peak-period trips by 60%, total distance traveled by 75%, and freeway miles by 90%. The spatial analysis of the trip records has shown that the telecommuters chose non-work destinations that are closer to home; they exhibited contracted action spaces after the introduction of telecommuting. Importantly, this contraction took place on both telecommuting days and commuting days. The telecommuters distributed their trips, over the day and avoided peak-period travel on telecommuting days. Non-work trips, however, show similar patterns of temporal distribution on telecommuting days and commuting days. Non-work trips continued to be made during the lunch period and late afternoon and evening hours.     

铁路规划环境影响识别及评价因子探索

从规划环境影响评价的角度,对铁路规划的环境影响进行了分析;按照铁路规划与建设的流程和层次,对各阶段的主要活动和环境因子进行了判断,利用矩阵法对铁路规划可能引发的环境问题及评价因子进行了筛选,并提出了铁路规划环境影响评价的基本评价指标.     

Collision damage of jack-ups

North Sea collision accident records covering a period of ten years indicate that the risk of collisions involving jack-ups is not dissimilar to that for semi-submersibles or fixed jacket structures. However, jack-ups are much more flexible than jackets and have a much lower degree of redundancy. Their response to collisions and their ability to absorb impact energy is, therefore, expected to be considerably different in comparison to jackets. This paper examines available data and information regarding the capability of jack-ups to withstand collision impacts and investigates the level of local damage that can potentially be caused to jack-up legs due to accidental collisions.     

汽车侧碰移动变形壁障有限元模型的开发

按照ECER95法规对移动变形壁障性能的要求及验证试验的方法，建立了移动变形壁障的有限元模型，并进行了验证试验仿真，仿真结果满足法规的要求，验证了模型的正确性。     

机车侧向过岔时对护轨的横向冲击

根据道岔的实际尺寸和平面布置,利用道岔区轨道的变截面,在Simpack软件中建造道岔模型和机车模型,模拟计算了机车侧逆向通过18号提速改进型可动心轨式单开道岔时对护轨的横向冲击响应,并分析了机车的运行速度和护轨平直段轮缘槽间隙量对最大横向冲击力的影响。     

列车运行噪声的速度特性

运行速度是影响铁路列车运行噪声特性的重要因素之一.通过对列车运行噪声的现场测量,采用统计分析的数据处理方法,确定了基本条件下客运、货运列车运行噪声频谱特性与运行速度的关系.