大气颗粒物对人体健康影响研究进展

近年来,越来越多的流行病学研究表明,大气颗粒物浓度水平与健康效应终点呈正相关关系。本文对大气颗粒物污染对健康影响的急性和慢性作用的研究进展进行了综述,并分别对颗粒物阈值、质量浓度和计数浓度对人体健康影响以及贫困在颗粒物污染健康影响中的作用这3个热点问题进行了讨论,最后提出了今后的研究方向。     

数控脉冲管道清洗技术及应用

数控脉冲管道清洗技术利用气-水结合的高速脉冲射流形成的物理波,对管内的锈垢存积物进行冲击和振动,逐层剥落锈垢和油垢等存积物来进行管道清洗,达到清管目的。该技术具有安全环保、无卡堵风险、费用低等优点,且实施流程简单、快捷高效,在石西油田有着较好的应用效果,可广泛应用于石油管网清管作业中。     

交通影响评价中存在的问题——以扬州市为例

目前,我国各城市纷纷进行交通影响评价,在扬州市规划局和交警支队等相关部门的指导下,扬州市于2006年开始了交通影响评价工作。在阐述了扬州市交通影响评价的实践过程及基本要素的同时,给出了交通影响评价报告的编制内容。最后,总结了扬州市交通影响评价中存在的问题。     

Changes in the design and operational wind due to climate change at the Indian offshore sites

The increasing global warming is most likely to affect the magnitude and pattern of wind at a regional level and such an effect may or not follow the trend predicted at the global scale. Regional level exercises are therefore necessary while making decisions related to engineering infrastructure. In this paper an attempt is made to know the extent of change in design as well as operational wind conditions at two offshore locations along the west coast of India. The design wind speeds with return periods of 10, 50 and 100 years derived for two 30-year time slices in the past and future are compared. In two separate exercises the past and future wind at the local level is simulated by empirical downscaling as well as by interpolation of the general circulation model (GCM) output. Both sets of past and future data are fitted to the Generalized Pareto as well as Weibull distributions using the peak over threshold method to extract long term wind speeds with a specified return. It is noticed that at the given locations the operational and design wind may undergo an increase of around 11%–14% when no downscaling is adopted and 14%–17% when the GCM data are downscaled. Although these figures may suffer from a certain level of statistical uncertainty the study points out to take a relook into the safety margins kept in the design and operation of ocean structures in the light of global warming.     

冲击碾压技术在高速公路施工中的应用

随着货车载货量的增加,高速公路路基路面问题变得更加突出.对冲击碾压技术在高速公路施工过程中的实际应用进行分析,可为同类施工提供参考.     

砂卵石河床冲击成孔施工

对丹界（丹凤—陕豫界）高速公路砂卵石沉积河滩地区冲击成孔质量的问题进行了研究,分析了影响此地区的冲击成孔质量的因素,并根据实际情况提出了可实施的施工方案。     

高速公路社会影响分析与评价实证分析——以京化高速公路土木至胶泥湾段为例

在分析京化高速公路土木至胶泥湾段社会影响评价重要性的基础上,采用二层次模糊综合评价模型对其进行社会影响评价,可为高速公路项目的立项决策提供参考依据。     

The vehicle emissions and performance monitoring system: analysis of tailpipe emissions and vehicle performance

This paper describes tailpipe emission results generated by the Vehicle Performance and Emissions Monitoring system (VPEMS). VPEMS integrates on‐board emissions and vehicle/driver performance measurements with positioning and communications technologies, to transmit a coherent spatio‐temporally referenced dataset to a central base station in near real time. These results focus on relationships between tailpipe emissions of CO, CO₂, NO_x and speed and acceleration. Emissions produced by different driving modes are also presented. Results are generally as one would expect, showing variation between vehicle speed, vehicle acceleration and emissions. Data is based upon a test run in central London on urban streets with speeds not exceeding about 65 km/h. The results presented demonstrate the capabilities of the system. Various issues remain with regard to validation of the data and expansion of the system capability to obtain additional vehicle performance data.     

Do Marine Protected Areas Affect Human Nutrition and Health? A Comparison between Villages in Roviana,Solomon Islands

The implementation of marine protected areas (MPAs) for fisheries management has increased recently due to the perceived role of MPAs in conserving biodiversity, increasing fish stocks, and enhancing the food security of coastal communities. However, it is unclear whether MPAs may restrict the availability of marine resources and decrease overall food security and the health of the people. In the Roviana Lagoon of the Solomon Islands, we conducted cross-comparisons of villages with MPAs and a village without an MPA to assess whether MPAs influenced local perceptions of governance, environmental change, livelihood strategies, and actual human nutrition and health. Results showed that residents of villages with effective MPAs had higher energy and protein intake than those who had no MPA or an ineffective MPA. We conclude that “no-take” marine reserves do not have adverse effects and that when MPAs are effectively sustained they may enhance local nutrition and health.