Analysis of thirty years evolution of urban growth,transport demand and supply,energy consumption,greenhouse and pollutants emissions in Greater Cairo

The objective of the paper is to analyze evolution of urbanization, transport demand and supply in Greater Cairo (GC) over the last three decades of the 20th century. This is in addition to investigating the impact of city growth on energy consumption and emissions from transport. It utilizes results of 1971, 1978, 1987, 1998 and 2001 travel demand surveys, undertaken during the corresponding GC transport studies; each was published a year or two later. No further transport studies have been carried out in GC over the past decade and in view of the current political situation, it is not envisaged that similar studies will be undertaken in the near future. The analysis includes the evolution of daily trips, trip purpose share, modal share and number of cars. More recent trends for 2006/2007 vehicle registration by type and size are given. The evolution of transport supply covers projects until early 2012. In parallel estimates of the evolution of energy consumption and cost, emissions of greenhouse gases (CO₂) and pollutants (CO, HC and NO_x) are given for 1971/2001. The adopted estimation methodology is summarized. Comparative analysis of relevant evolution indexes and trends of growth between 1971 and 2001, taking the former as base year, is given. Land use and transport policies and projects that in some cases helped, directly or indirectly, to reduce traffic congestion, or at least prevented an increase, are addressed, commenting on their outcomes. Thus, transferable experience are useful to sister cities benefiting from successes and avoiding drawbacks. The evolution of the impact of GC metro on energy consumption and cost, and GHG emissions is given for 1987/2001, assuming the scenario “metro did not exist”. More recent impact analysis is given for 2007/2008, as the data allowed estimating traffic volumes that would have been added to the congested metro corridors under the above scenario; and the related fuel consumption and cost and GHGs. The paper ends with conclusions on GC evolution, learned lessons and suggests repeating similar work in other mega cities of the developing countries. Further research is emphasized, e.g., modeling the relationship between land use, transport, energy and emissions; modeling emission factors by vehicle type; and studying fuel-subsidy-reduction scenarios and their socio-economic effects.     

高速公路收费调整的交通影响评价方法

主要研究费率调整对全公路网、不收费公路、高速公路及城市道路的交通影响。同时,以高速公路交通功能保障和基本服务水平为约束指标,提出与交通调节目标相对应的弹性收费方法和评价指标体系。最后,以上海市高速公路网流量调控的弹性收费方案为例进行评价。     

防撞活动护栏碰撞分析

为确定几种新型防撞活动护栏安全性能,采用有限元仿真分析和实车足尺碰撞试验相结合的技术手段,对几种新型防撞活动护栏进行碰撞分析.结果表明,折叠式活动护栏对小型车辆形成绊阻,不满足评价标准要求;小客车和大客车碰撞链式混凝土、桁架式和钢管预应力索活动护栏后均能恢复到正常行驶姿态,小客车车体重心处加速度最大值分别为9.78,8.8和8.1g,小客车驶出角度分别为10.2°,9.8°和10.2°,大客车驶出角度分别为6.8°,4°和0°,护栏最大动态变形分别为1.25,0.807和1.093 m,3种护栏防撞能力分别达到93,93和160kJ.     

Propagation characteristics of elastic wave in layered medium and applications of impact imaging method

It is an important subject to probe the structure in the medium by various kinds of detection methods in the geotechnical engineering. Based on the propagation theory of elastic wave in half-space layered medium, the propagation characteristics of elastic wave in layered medium with different elastic parameters are discussed using dynamic analysis of finite element method. It is known that the S-wave velocity, density and thickness of layer are related to the properties of the elastic wave including waveform characteristics, spectral characteristics and time-frequency characteristics. We pay special attention to the structure with low velocity interlayer. The impact imaging method is applied to the grouting construction of the immersed tube tunnel. Data acquisition and analytical method are introduced in detail. The grouting effects can be qualitatively evaluated by comparing the characteristics of elastic wave before grouting with those after grouting. Finally, a quantitative evaluation is obtained according to the relationship between energy response of elastic wave and impedance ratio.     

高速公路路基冲击碾压施工技术

阿喀高速公路部分路基处于湿陷性粉土地段,对于此路段采用冲击碾压的施工方法,可提高路基的压实度、整体性和承载力,有效减少路基工后沉降和差异沉降。简述了冲击碾压施工方法的特点,重点介绍该段路基试验段冲击碾压的工艺流程、关键技术、试验效果及施工注意事项,为指导该路段全面施工提供依据,为类似工程施工提供有益借鉴。     

对某拟建音乐厅室内声环境影响评价的探讨

现场测量了地铁列车运行振动对拟建音乐厅场址的环境影响,结果表明地铁对该场址的振动影响最大为41～48dB,频谱特性集中在16～63Hz范围内;同时预测了音乐厅建成后,室内受地铁列车运行振动产生的二次空气声影响将达29～30dB(A),将超过预定的25dB控制目标值。评价建议调整音乐厅位置至距离地铁线路100m外的区域,或严格选择拟建音乐厅地基结构,以减小地铁列车运行振动引起的拟建音乐厅二次噪声影响。该研究方法和研究成果可供同类工程建设项目环境影响评价参考和借鉴。     

WTO展示了中国经济发展的新时代

加入WTO是中国市场经济改革与对外开放事业发展的必然要求。进入WTO，能为我国经济在新世纪的发展开拓新的空间，但也不能不面对新的矛盾与问题。如果能采取合理的对策，我们就能把冲击化为经济发展的重大机遇。     

载荷对地铁车辆门窗变形影响的试验

通过测量不同垂向载荷和纵向载荷工况下地铁车体门窗对角的变形,分析车体内部负载、车体顶部设备以及车体所受纵向力对车体门窗变形的影响,为地铁车辆的设计提供了参考依据和试验支持。     

西成客运专线穿越秦岭山区自然生态环境保护与线路宏观走向研究

通过对秦岭地区生态环境现状、敏感性及影响因素分析，结合该区域既有铁路建设对生态环境影响经验总结及铁路客运专线特点，确定了西成客运专线秦岭山地环保选线的基本思路及原则。对西成客专西安北至汉中段不同通道方案环境影响进行评价，结果表明：涝峪经佛坪（AK）方案避开了秦岭山区集中连片的保护区域，引线及越岭隧道工程涉及的生态敏感区少且线路短顺，对秦岭生态环境影响最小。     

我国交通影响分析技术发展综述

为反映我国交通影响分析（TIA）的技术发展状况和存在的问题，对相关文献进行分析总结，从发展状况、阈值理论、预测模型、交通影响费、制度模式5个方面进行综述。研究显示，我国交通影响分析更重视交通对土地的反作用，实施对象由单体项目向区域化发展，而在交通影响分析调控土地开发强度的能力和为筹集建设资金增开渠道的作用方面尚未得到充分发挥。为了使我国交通影响分析工作更加完善，需要在4个方面进行更深入的研究：区域性交通影响分析理论、适合交通影响分析的分配算法、适合我国的交通影响费制度以及交通影响评价市场的规范化。