正面碰撞不同身材乘员保护约束系统的设计

重点研究对50百分位男性乘员实现最有保护的约束系统,应用到5百分位女性乘员和95百分位男性乘员情况下的保护效果,并针对存在的问题提出可根据乘员的身材调整气囊排气孔的面积、座椅安全带限力器水平的智能约束系统,设计了吸能压溃式转向柱,对不同身材乘员的保护效果进行了评价。     

轿车车身结构侧向耐撞性的有限元分析

以国内某新型轿车为对象,基于有限元分析方法,系统地研究了侧面碰撞的整车建模技术、移动壁障建模技术、仿真计算方法和结构耐撞性分析方法。实验结果验证了整车模型的有效性。侧向耐撞性分析以结构变形响应特性为主,包括结构变形能、变形量、变形速度等,运用碰撞响应时序图综合分析了碰撞力、假人损伤和结构变形等多项响应之间的相互关系。总结形成一套适合于轿车侧向耐撞性分析与设计验证的CAE技术流程。     

侧碰工况下差厚板B柱过渡区网格处理

B柱是汽车侧碰的重要安全件,差厚板B柱目前在汽车中的应用越来越广,其过渡区的数目、位置和长度影响侧碰性能。基于传统的过渡区网格处理技术,更改过渡区参数极为复杂。将B柱中部画成许多水平条状网格,通过赋予水平网格不同厚度,即可实现过渡区参数的修改,大大简化了前处理流程。文章以某白车身侧围主要结构件为模型建立侧碰工况,对比发现,两种方法 B柱侧碰性能相近。基于改进方法,做了一系列过渡区不同参数的侧碰试验,并对各参数侧碰性能进行了对比分析。     

本田雅阁轿车自动变速器换挡冲击故障诊断与排除

一辆装备F22B4型发动机,MPOA型自动变速器的本田雅阁轿车,在行驶过程中D4档指示灯不亮,并且自动变速器在换挡时出现较大冲击现象。根据″从简单到复杂,从外部到内部″诊断自动变速器故障的原则,对该故障现象进行了分析诊断,结果是该自动变速器控制TCM功能失效所致。     

使用人体颈部有限元模型研究汽车后碰撞中的颈部损伤

在50百分位HYBRIDⅢ模型的基础上引入了HBM-neck人体颈部有限元模型,建立了后碰撞的有限元仿真模型,研究了后碰撞中人体颈部的动力学响应过程和座椅特性对颈部损伤的影响。结果表明,HBM-neck人体颈部模型可以很好地预测后碰撞中颈部的损伤风险。座椅结构对颈部损伤有很大影响,装配位置良好的头枕和通过可变形调角器提高座椅吸能性能可有效地减小颈部软组织的损伤。     

新冠疫情防控对大湾区高速公路运输的影响分析

在新冠疫情常态化防控背景下，我国区域性疫情频发，如何量化疫情防控措施对经济运行和客货运输的影响成为社会亟待研究的问题。为此，本文设计了高速公路运输指标计算方法，提出疫情防控措施的等级与阶段划分流程，建立双重差分模型分析疫情防控措施对高速公路运输指标的影响。本文以粤港澳大湾区主要城市为对象，基于2020年5月—2022年4月高速公路收费数据和疫情防控信息开展案例研究。研究结果表明：I级(加强)防控措施下，客车流量显著下跌，各案例降幅在8%~27%之间，货运指标变化不明显。深圳和东莞在II级(严格)防控阶段，客货运指标均剧烈下跌，两市客车流量分别再下降 46.3%和 33.7%，货车流量分别再下降 42.7%和 27.6%，货运量和货物周转量降幅与货车流量相当。高速公路客车市际平均运距在I级防控措施下存在下降趋势，但在II级阶段下，客车和货车市际平均运距均显著提升。本文为城市与城市群疫情防控措施的制定与实施提供一定的参考价值。     

Impact of Visible-Solar-Light-Driven photocatalytic pavement on air quality improvement

Photocatalytic pavement has attracted significant interest in the past decades by both the academia and industry for its ability of spontaneous cleaning of air pollutants, such as motor vehicle exhaust gas. Titanium dioxide (TiO₂) is used as the photocatalyst that is mixed into pavement materials or coated on the pavement to remove motor vehicle exhaust gases, e.g., carbon monoxide (CO), nitrogen oxides (NO_x), under the irradiation of the solar light. However, the pure TiO₂ additive only absorbs the light within the ultraviolet region due to its large bandgap. One approach to increase the ability of TiO₂ to the utilization of the full spectrum of the solar light is doping TiO₂. Therefore, this visible-solar-light-driven photocatalytic pavement embedded with doped-TiO₂ will exhibits a better cleaning efficiency of exhaust gas. This work conducted computational simulations of the cleaning efficiency on reducing exhaust gas NO₂ by photocatalytic pavement with doped-TiO₂, and its subsequent influence on the air quality in the surrounding environment. A three-dimensional model was developed for a section of pavement and its vicinal region. Effects of weather conditions, doped-TiO₂ coverages, road widths and traffic flow conditions on the removal of NO₂ and its influence to the adjacent environment were studied. Results indicate that visible-solar-light-driven photocatalytic pavement with doped-TiO₂ features a significantly higher removal efficiency of exhaust gas compared with the normal photocatalytic pavement. Moreover, the doped-TiO₂ embedded pavement is effective to remove NO₂ with different traffic densities and wind conditions, and consequently improve the air quality of the surrounding environment.     

Investigation of environmental justice analysis in airport planning practice from 2000 to 2010

Municipal airport owners and the Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) regularly evaluate capacity and demand to decide if and when airports need more infrastructure. New infrastructure can alter the profile of noise, emissions, and land use, which may affect the quality of life for airport-adjacent communities. When the FAA and airport owners initiate infrastructure expansion, they must conduct environmental justice analysis to measure the distribution of negative externalities on nearby communities. This research investigates the environmental justice methodologies and narratives reported in planning documents for nineteen airport capacity expansions planned or deployed from 2000 to 2010 in the United States. The mixed-methods approach analyzes airport operations data, spatial demographic data, and planning artifacts to determine whether the environmental justice analyses were robust. This research proposes alternative metrics, the ‘Risk of disproportionate impact’ and ‘Capacity strain’, to further contextualize the presence of protected population groups alongside capacity needs. The main finding of the study is that the planning documents did not consistently detect environmental justice impacts, nor did they consistently confer importance to those impacts when high proportions of protected populations were detected. As a result, the social costs of collective airport expansion are unclear and likely underestimated. This study identifies two limitations that undermined the environmental justice analysis throughout the airport sample: (1) inconsistent methodological choices impeded the detection of impacts and, (2) narrative interpretations tended to ‘null’ the finding even when impacts were detected.     

不同覆盖层对海底管道受落锚冲击防护有效性的试验研究

海底管道是海上油气工程的重要基础设施。随着港口运输规模的不断扩大和海洋油气工程的快速发展,港口航道区域与海底管道登陆段发生重叠情况不可避免。第三方活动造成的坠落物撞击(如船舶落锚),会威胁航道下方埋设的海底管道的结构安全。为了寻求合理的防护措施,保证海底管道的安全运行,有必要对落锚引起的管道动态响应进行研究。文章采用物理模型实验的方法,对管道上方覆盖的纯块石层、混凝土块层+块石层、混凝土块层+橡胶垫+块石层、柔性防护垫层+块石层等不同防护形式的有效性进行了对比研究。利用光纤布拉格光栅(FBG)传感器实时测量管道表面的动态应变响应,分析其沿管道的轴向变化以及极值分布。通过模型试验确定了相对有效的覆盖层形式及设计厚度,为海底管道的设计和维护提供了重要依据。