Energy impact evaluation for eco-routing and charging of autonomous electric vehicle fleet: Ambient temperature consideration

This paper studies the heterogeneous energy cost and charging demand impact of autonomous electric vehicle (EV) fleet under different ambient temperature. A data-driven method is introduced to formulate a two-dimensional grid stochastic energy consumption model for electric vehicles. The energy consumption model aids in analyzing EV energy cost and describing uncertainties under variable average vehicle trip speed and ambient temperature conditions. An integrated eco-routing and optimal charging decision making framework is designed to improve the capability of autonomous EV’s trip level energy management in a shared fleet. The decision making process helps to find minimum energy cost routes with consideration of charging strategies and travel time requirements. By taking advantage of derived models and technologies, comprehensive case studies are performed on a data-driven simulated transportation network in New York City. Detailed results show us the heterogeneous energy impact and charging demand under different ambient temperature. By giving the same travel demand and charging station information, under the low and high ambient temperature within each month, there exist more than 20% difference of overall energy cost and 60% difference of charging demand. All studies will help to construct sustainable infrastructure for autonomous EV fleet trip level energy management in real world applications.     

Design and development of a hybrid ant colony-variable neighbourhood search algorithm for a multi-depot green vehicle routing problem

The traditional distribution planning problem in a supply chain has often been studied mainly with a focus on economic benefits. The growing concern about the effects of anthropogenic pollutions has forced researchers and supply chain practitioners to address the socio-environmental concerns. This research study focuses on incorporating the environmental impact on route design problem. In this work, the aim is to integrate both the objectives, namely economic cost and emission cost reduction for a capacitated multi-depot green vehicle routing problem. The proposed models are a significant contribution to the field of research in green vehicle routing problem at the operational level. The formulated integer linear programming model is solved for a set of small scale instances using LINGO solver. A computationally efficient Ant Colony Optimization (ACO) based meta-heuristic is developed for solving both small scale and large scale problem instances in reasonable amount of time. For solving large scale instances, the performance of the proposed ACO based meta-heuristic is improved by integrating it with a variable neighbourhood search.     

Assessing the impact of the National Cycle Network and physical activity lifestyle on cycling behaviour in England

This paper examines the association between access to National Cycle Network (NCN) routes in England and an individual’s cycling behaviour whilst accounting for their broader physical activity lifestyle and controlling for their socio-economic circumstances. It identifies a positive association between access to these routes and the total minutes of any form of cycling, and the number of days that cycling takes place primarily for recreational purposes. The broader physical activity of individuals also has a positive association with cycling. Walking appears most likely to be complementary to non-recreational cycling, whilst participation in sport with all forms of cycling, but not with longer duration utilitarian trips. The research also indicates that access to NCN routes has the potential to increase such cycling further, with the exception of longer utilitarian trips, as does a more physically active lifestyle, particularly walking. The main policy implications of the research are to recognise that cycling is intrinsically linked to other physical activity, notably, walking, but that the NCN routes measured in this study primarily support longer duration recreational activity, which is also affected by sporting activity. This suggests that one avenue for achieving the health benefits of cycling may be through promoting NCN routes to harness a more generally active lifestyle and particularly in leisure, whilst sustainability may be further promoted through being linked more to other active travel such as walking. There is a therefore a need to exploit the potential of such NCN route provision as part of this promotion.     

公路边坡锚索框架梁内力计算及参数影响分析

预应力锚索框架支护体系广泛应用于公路边坡工程的修复与加固中,框架梁作为该支护体系中不可缺的一部分,其内力计算和相关参数的影响研究显得尤为重要。依托预应力锚索框架加固边坡的工程案例,通过框架梁内力实测值与现今工程中较为常用的框架梁计算方法的计算结果的对比,研究了不同计算方法的准确性和适用性。在对比分析结果的基础上,重点探讨了梁截面尺寸、悬臂端长度及地基反力系数等因素对框架梁内力及地基反力的影响。     

滚石冲击荷载下垫层材料的动力响应研究

棚洞垫层结构能有效地耗散滚石冲击能量,大幅度降低滚石冲击力,是滚石防护棚洞设计的关键参数。本文以Hertz接触理论为基础,考虑棚洞土垫层的弹塑性特性,运用动力有限元数值仿真技术,研究了滚石法向冲击荷载下耗能垫层结构,分析了滚石冲击速度、半径对垫层土体动力响应规律的影响,为棚洞垫层结构优化设计提供理论依据。计算结果表明:按照完全弹性理论计算过高地估计了滚石冲击力;滚石冲击能量主要转化为土垫层的塑性变形;土石垫层结构能有效地吸收滚石冲击能量,大大降低滚石对棚洞结构的冲击力。     

小水线面双体船抗冲击特性数值研究

文章介绍了小水线面双体船型的特点,阐述其在军事领域的应用和发展前景。运用数值仿真方法计算水下非接触爆炸作用下小水线面双体船的结构变形和冲击环境,分析此船型结构抗冲击特性和全船冲击环境特点,提出在抗冲击设计时的重点设计区域和优化方向,为其军事应用提供技术积累。     

系泊船舶在横浪作用下撞击能量计算参数C_m取值研究

船舶附加水体质量系数C_m的取值对计算系泊船舶在横浪作用下的撞击能量具有十分重要的影响,目前国内外相关文献对该参数取值差异较大,且国内水运行业规范的参数取值偏小,给结构安全带来一定隐患。经过对取值规定的比较,并参照计算公式、结合工程实例分析计算结果,得知国内现行规范C_m的取值明显小于国内外相关规范和研究报告的取值。建议20万吨级以上船舶增大C_m取值为1.7~2.0。     

基于有限样本点的海上宏大工程环境影响估算方法

海上宏大工程建设前需评估其环境影响,但进行环境调查经济投入较高,鉴于在工程研究论证阶段初步估计环境影响即可满足决策需求,本研究选取部分环境影响指标,通过调查统计沿海已有工程的环境影响数据,用有限样本点的分析计算,比较经济地初步估计海上宏大工程生态环境影响,为宏观决策提供参考。本研究还结合渤海海峡跨海通道工程实例,分析计算了不同环境影响指标的数值范围。     

社会责任信息披露质量对权益和债务资本成本影响的研究

近年来随着社会责任信息披露的发展,其所发挥的作用越来越大。以2009-2011年披露企业社会责任报告的上市公司为样本,实证检验社会责任信息披露质量对权益和债务资本成本的影响及其差异。实证结果表明上市公司社会责任信息披露质量与权益资本成本和债务资本成本成负相关关系;企业社会责任信息披露质量对债务资本成本的影响要小于其对权益资本成本的影响。最后基于得出的结论为企业和监管者提出了几条建议。     

Д形圆柱体大角度撞水载荷计算及缓冲问题的研究

一种Д形圆柱体底部金属结构在大角度高速入水时遭受破坏,解决该问题对某工程活动具有重要意义。根据KornhauserM提出的数学模型,对该圆柱体入水载荷进行预报计算并对缓冲问题进行分析,提出了在不改变Д形圆柱体结构的情况下,使用硬质聚胺酯泡沫塑料(RPUF)作缓冲层的方案,解决了工程中遇到的难题。