模糊决策理论在汽车内部设计方案评价中的应用

方案评价是产品设计过程中的重要环节。分别应用模糊综合评判法、基于模糊集重心的模糊评价法和二元对比排序法对汽车内部设计方案进行定性评价,并对3种方法的评价结果进行了比较。此外,还给出了一个关于A柱盲区定量评价的实例,并建立了整车内部布置与设计的多级评价体系。指出了进一步实现基于知识工程的整车设计评价还需要解决的其他关键技术。     

Short-term Hourly Traffic Forecasts using Hong Kong Annual Traffic Census

The need for acquiring the current-year traffic data is a problem for transport planners since such data may not be available for on-going transport studies. A method is proposed in this paper to predict hourly traffic flows up to and into the near future, using historical data collected from the Hong Kong Annual Traffic Census (ATC). Two parametric and two non-parametric models have been employed and evaluated in this study. The results show that the non-parametric models (Non-Parametric Regression (NPR) and Gaussian Maximum Likelihood (GML)) were more promising for predicting hourly traffic flows at the selected ATC station. Further analysis encompassing 87 ATC stations revealed that the NPR is likely to react to unexpected changes more effectively than the GML method, while the GML model performs better under steady traffic flows. Taking into consideration the dynamic nature of the common traffic patterns in Hong Kong and the advantages/disadvantages of the various models, the NPR model is recommended for predicting the hourly traffic flows in that region.     

The multi-criteria road network design problem in an urban area

In this paper, urban network design is analysed through a heuristic multi-criteria technique based on genetic algorithms. Both network layout and link capacity (link layout and traffic lights) are optimised. Different optimisation criteria are included for users, non-users and public system managers. Demand is considered elastic with respect to mode choice; both morning and afternoon peak periods are taken into account. In addition, choice of parking location is simulated. The procedure is applied to a test and to a real transportation system.     

基于公路线形影响的护栏布设方法探讨

从公路线形对护栏及交通安全的影响角度,分析了护栏设置以及公路线形对交通事故的影响,并针对不同线形条件下护栏布设方法进行了探讨。从而能以较少的资金投入,获得较高的社会效益,同时降低交通事故的发生,减少伤亡。     

射流井点降水装置在地基降水中的应用

简要介绍了射流井点降水装置的特点、基本原理以及装置的工艺流程及系统布置。通过效益分析表明 ,使用该装置除具有运行维护安全可靠等优点外 ,还具备明显的经济效益。该装置在工程中实际应用 ,效果良好     

面向汽车布置设计的人体模型的研究

以人体参数为基础建立的人体模型是描述人体形态特征和力学特征的有效工具,是研究、分析、评价人机系统不可缺少的辅助手段。用于车身设计的H点人体模型是车身总布置设计的工具之一。针对现有的SAEJ826H点人体模型的缺点,介绍了由UMTRI和BDLMSUCE最新开发的ASPECT人体模型,为汽车厂家使用新的人体模型提供了参考。     

计算机在城市排水管网设计中的应用

在市政建设和环境治理工程建设中 ,雨水和污水管道系统占有较大的投资比例。如何在满足规定的各种技术条件下 ,合理设计城市排水管网是设计中的一个重要课题。本文从已定管线下的优化设计和管线的平面优化布置两方面论述了排水管网设计计算发展中出现的方法及需要解决的问题     

变步长BP网络优化导航雷达跟踪滤波系统的研究

本文提出了采用变步长ＢＰ网络实时处理导航雷达目标跟踪滤波数据。其原理是在ＢＰ算法中加入变动量因子,用Ｎ层变步长寻优进行前馈神经网络的学习。该算法能够根据输入时间序列的特点自适应调整网络优化步长,对匀速和变加速运动目标的稳定跟踪精度分别在７．５ ｍ 和１１ ｍ 以内,而对急转弯的目标抖动２～４ 次就能及时跟踪上     

Optimization models for differentiating quality of service levels in probabilistic network capacity design problems

This paper develops various chance-constrained models for optimizing the probabilistic network design problem (PNDP), where we differentiate the quality of service (QoS) and measure the related network performance under uncertain demand. The upper level problem of PNDP designs continuous/discrete link capacities shared by multi-commodity flows, and the lower level problem differentiates the corresponding QoS for demand satisfaction, to prioritize customers and/or commodities. We consider PNDP variants that have either fixed flows (formulated at the upper level) or recourse flows (at the lower level) according to different applications. We transform each probabilistic model into a mixed-integer program, and derive polynomial-time algorithms for special cases with single-row chance constraints. The paper formulates benchmark stochastic programming models by either enforcing to meet all demand or penalizing unmet demand via a linear penalty function. We compare different models and approaches by testing randomly generated network instances and an instance built on the Sioux–Falls network. Numerical results demonstrate the computational efficacy of the solution approaches and derive managerial insights.     

混合动力旅游客车整车轻量化设计

介绍一款典型的12m非插电式混合动力旅游客车整车轻量化设计方法,并重点详细论述车身轻量化研发设计的过程。