Effects of passenger characteristics and terminal layout on airport retail revenue: an agent-based simulation approach

This paper examines the effect of passenger characteristics and terminal layout on airport retail revenue using an agent-based simulation approach. Simulation results show that passenger mix (that is, the mix of shopper types according to a typology of airport shoppers) has a profound effect on airport retail revenue; the larger the number of ‘shopping lovers’ there are among passengers, the higher the airport retail revenue. Results also reveal that group travel can lead to negative effects on retail in certain terminal layouts, and that the amount of free dwell time that a passenger has can affect spending due to less retail engagement. This paper shows a combined effect of passenger characteristics and terminal layout on airport retail revenue, and discusses the implications of these results for future airport terminal design that aims to maximise retail potential.     

A new generalized travel cost based connectivity metric applied to Scandinavian airports

This article proposes a new, generalized travel cost based method to operationalize network accessibility provided by airports. The approach is novel as it integrates features of network topology with multiple quality aspects of scheduled air transport services into one metric. The method estimates generalized travel costs for the full set of feasible travel paths between an airport and all network destinations. Rooftop modeling accounts for schedule delay and isolates the most cost-efficient travel paths per O-D relation. Respecting the assumed arrival time preference of passengers and adjusting for destination importance, connectivity scores are derived. The method is then applied to explore changes in the global connectivity pattern of Scandinavian airports from 2004 to 2018. The results suggest distinct spatial differences throughout the network, but less pronounced in size than suggested by popularly applied connectivity measures. Findings also highlight the importance of the geographical location as a determinate of an airport’s connectivity.     

Electric vehicle charging station locations: Elastic demand,station congestion,and network equilibrium

Battery-only electric vehicles (BEVs) generally offer better air quality through lowered emissions, along with energy savings and security. The issue of long-duration battery charging makes charging-station placement and design key for BEV adoption rates. This work uses genetic algorithms to identify profit-maximizing station placement and design details, with applications that reflect the costs of installing, operating, and maintaining service equipment, including land acquisition. Fast electric vehicle charging stations (EVCSs) are placed across a congested city's network subject to stochastic demand for charging under a user-equilibrium traffic assignment. BEV users’ station choices consider endogenously determined travel times and on-site charging queues. The model allows for congested-travel and congested-station feedback into travelers’ route choices under elastic demand and BEV owners’ station choices, as well as charging price elasticity for BEV charging users.Boston-network results suggest that EVCSs should locate mostly along major highways, which may be a common finding for other metro settings. If 10% of current EV owners seek to charge en route, a user fee of $6 for a 30-min charging session is not enough for station profitability under a 5-year time horizon in this region. However, $10 per BEV charging delivers a 5-year profit of $0.82 million, and 11 cords across 3 stations are enough to accommodate a near-term charging demand in this Boston-area application. Shorter charging sessions, higher fees, and/or allowing for more cords per site also increase profits generally, everything else constant. Power-grid and station upgrades should keep pace with demand, to maximize profits over time, and avoid on-site congestion.     

呼和浩特市西二环南延伸段快速化改造 总体方案研究

呼和浩特市西二环南延伸段(呼准公路)为呼和浩特市快速路"二横二纵"的其中"一纵",为城市西南角唯一快速路通道。对此进行快速化改造,能够更好地完善城市西南出口快速化功能,缓解中心城区交通压力。在分析改造项目建设背景及现状情况的基础上,根据其周边现状及规划情况,分段研究了总体布置形式及主要节点方案。     

Transit network design with allocation of green vehicles: A genetic algorithm approach

The use of fossil fuels in transportation generates harmful emissions that accounts for nearly half of the total pollutants in urban areas. Dealing with this issue, local authorities are dedicating specific efforts to seize the opportunity offered by new fuels and technological innovations in achieving a cleaner urban mobility. In fact, authorities are improving environmental performances of their public transport fleet by procuring cleaner vehicles, usually called low and zero emission vehicles (LEV and ZEV, respectively). Nevertheless there seems to be a lack of methodologies for supporting stakeholders in decisions related to the introduction of green vehicles, whose allocation should be performed since the network design process in order to optimize their available green capacity.In this paper, the problem of clean vehicle allocation in an existing public fleet is faced by introducing a method for solving the transit network design problem in a multimodal, demand elastic urban context dealing with the impacts deriving from transportation emissions.The solving procedure consists of a set of heuristics which includes a routine for route generation and a genetic algorithm for finding a sub-optimal set of routes with the associated frequencies.     

垂直水幕作用下扩建地下水封油库布局方式研究

为研究垂直水幕对扩建地下水封油库布局方式的影响,以某大型地下水封洞库分期建设工程为依托,采用有限元数值模拟方法,对有、无垂直水幕条件下扩建洞库的布局方式进行研究。研究结果表明： 1）当两期洞库间距较小时,在两期洞库之间设置垂直水幕可有效削弱拟建洞库对已建洞库水封可靠性的影响,随两期洞库间距的增加,垂直水幕的影响性逐渐减弱; 2）拟建洞库轴线方向对水封可靠性的影响受地形等条件的影响较大,在两期洞库之间设置垂直水幕对水封可靠性的影响较小; 3）随拟建洞库埋深的增加,拟建洞库的水封可靠性逐渐增强,已建洞库的水封可靠性却呈逐步减小趋势,在两期洞库之间设置垂直水幕可有效减小埋深对两期洞库水封可靠性的影响。     

Airline energy efficiency measures using the Virtual Frontier Network RAM with weak disposability

In this paper, airline energy efficiency is divided into three stages: the operations stage, the services stage and the sales stage. Greenhouse gas emissions are treated as an undesirable output of the services stage. This new three-stage strategic operating framework is a modification of existing models. A new model, Virtual Frontier Network Range Adjusted Measure with weak disposability, is proposed to evaluate the efficiencies of 22 international airlines, from 2008 to 2012. The results show that the new model can establish more reasonable rankings and confirm new benchmarking airlines and that inclusion in the European Union’s Emissions Trading Scheme has had little influence on the improvement of airline energy efficiency.     

小郭巨渔港工程防波堤平面布置方案

波浪是渔港建设中最重要的水动力因素,由于外海风浪作用强烈,影响港内渔船泊稳,需修建防波堤挡潮抗浪。从波浪角度研究防波堤平面布置,首先分析了舟山市六横岛小郭巨渔港工程的建设条件,确定防浪掩护控制标准,并提出防波堤直线形、折线形布置的8个平面布置方案。以满足渔船有效泊稳面积为准,采用MIKE21 BW模块计算在50 a一遇波浪与水位组合条件下堤后波高分布及防浪掩护效果,对8个方案进行研究,基于其中相对较优方案,进行了2个方案的优化。最终确定某渔港防波堤平面布置最优方案为:防波堤总长350 m、折堤夹角132°、直线段长122 m、折线段长228 m。     

近岸深水联排灌注桩施工工艺优化

采用传统的冲孔灌注桩施工工艺进行海上灌注桩施工时,往往会面临适用条件限制、环境污染、施工成本增加等问题。针对三亚凤凰岛项目海上冲孔灌注桩施工特点,介绍通过优化钢平台结构形式及布局设计、泥浆循环系统优化设计、结构稳定性计算、"四新设备"创新应用等措施,有效降低施工成本、提高施工效率、减少环境污染、提高施工质量。结果表明采取的工艺优化和平台改进措施效果良好、实用性强。     

振华启东船厂产能升级布局规划

振华启东船厂前身为成立于2007年的道达船厂,针对厂区内各功能模块之间的能力匹配问题凸显、部分设施破损、部分设施严重制约厂区生产能力的问题,通过厂区现状平面布局、工艺流程系统梳理,根据企业发展定位和关键生产要素潜能制定科学合理的规划目标,以生产设施产能分析计算分析为理论支撑,提出一套各区域产能相匹配且适应未来规模化、精益化、规范化、安全化发展的产能升级布局规划方案,达到各功能模块布局合理、生产能力匹配、生产工艺流畅、生产设施规范的目的。针对既有港区的产能升级规划,采用以定量计算为支撑的规划方法,可供类似工程参考与借鉴。