An equilibrium analysis of commuter parking in the era of autonomous vehicles

This study is the first in the literature to model the joint equilibrium of departure time and parking location choices when commuters travel with autonomous vehicles (AVs). With AVs, walking from parking spaces to the work location is not needed. Instead, AVs will drop off the commuters at the workplace and then drive themselves to the parking spaces. In this context, the equilibrium departure/arrival profile is different from the literature with non-autonomous vehicles (non-AVs). Besides modeling the commuting equilibrium, this study further develops the first-best time-dependent congestion tolling scheme to achieve the system optimum. Also, a location-dependent parking pricing scheme is developed to replace the tolling scheme. Furthermore, this study discusses the optimal parking supply to minimize the total system cost (including both the travel cost and the social cost of parking supply) under either user equilibrium or system optimum traffic flow pattern. It is found that the optimal planning of parking can be different from the non-AV situation, since the vehicles can drive themselves to parking spaces that are further away from the city center and walking of commuters is avoided. This paper sheds light on future parking supply planning and traffic management.     

A bi-objective bi-level signal control policy for transport of hazardous materials in urban road networks

A bi-objective bi-level signal control optimization for hazardous material (hazmat) transport is considered to assess trade-offs between travel cost and environment impacts such as public risk exposure. A least maxi-sum risk model with explicit signal delay is presented to determine generalized travel cost for hazmat carriers. Since the bi-level signal control problem is generally a non-convex program, a bundle method using generalized gradients is proposed. A bounding strategy is developed to stabilize solutions of the bi-level program and reduce relative gaps between iterations. Numerical comparisons are made with other risk-averse models. The results indicate that the proposed bi-objective bi-level model becomes even amiable to signal control policy makers since provides flexible solutions whilst is acceptable to carriers since takes account of travel delay at signal-controlled junctions. Moreover, the trade-offs between public risk and generalized travel costs are empirically investigated among different risk models with a variety of weights. As a result, the proposed model consistently exhibits highly considerable advantage on mitigation of public risk whilst incurred less cost loss as compared to other alternatives.     

Incorporating institutional and spatial factors in the selection of the optimal locations of public electric vehicle charging facilities: A case study of Beijing,China

In this paper, we present a case study on planning the locations of public electric vehicle (EV) charging stations in Beijing, China. Our objectives are to incorporate the local constraints of supply and demand on public EV charging stations into facility location models and to compare the optimal locations from three different location models. On the supply side, we analyse the institutional and spatial constraints in public charging infrastructure construction to select the potential sites. On the demand side, interviews with stakeholders are conducted and the ranking-type Delphi method is used when estimating the EV demand with aggregate data from municipal statistical yearbooks and the national census. With the estimated EV demand, we compare three classic facility location models – the set covering model, the maximal covering location model, and the p-median model – and we aim to provide policy-makers with a comprehensive analysis to better understand the effectiveness of these traditional models for locating EV charging facilities. Our results show that the p-median solutions are more effective than the other two models in the sense that the charging stations are closer to the communities with higher EV demand, and, therefore, the majority of EV users have more convenient access to the charging facilities. From the experiments of comparing only the p-median and the maximal covering location models, our results suggest that (1) the p-median model outperforms the maximal covering location model in terms of satisfying the other’s objective, and (2) when the number of charging stations to be built is large, or when minor change is required, the solutions to both models are more stable as p increases.     

规划盐泰锡常宜铁路长江桥位线路方案研究

针对盐泰锡常宜铁路越江问题,分析区域沿江城市规划、区域过江通道、水文、地质特征与河势,提出长江桥位线路方案。最后,通过长江特大桥建桥条件及引入泰锡常地区条件等全面系统分析,选出江阴铁路大桥方案为合理方案。     

城市快速通道跨越铁路大型编组站桥梁方案比选研究

郑州市农业路快速通道工程上跨郑州北铁路编组站30余股道线及京广铁路,同时桥下既有道路下穿郑州北编组站。桥址处密布框架桥、公路桥,桥梁建设的可行性墩位少,施工方案影响桥梁方案。研究并选择合理的桥梁方案对本工程十分必要。通过对桥址处多个可行性墩位的研究,选择合理的施工方案和孔跨布置方案,进而确定4个桥梁方案,再从铁路安全、技术、工期、经济等方面对桥梁方案进行详细的分析比较,推荐合理的桥梁方案。比选结果表明:(126+200+126)m双塔斜拉桥为推荐桥梁方案,该桥梁方案的研究过程及方法可为同类型涉铁工程设计提供参考和借鉴。     

合资铁路GSM-R无线通信系统技术方案探讨

在深化铁路投融资体制改革的背景下,铁路建设呈现出多方式多渠道筹集资金的特点,一些合资铁路公司应运而生,在这些铁路公司股东构成中,铁路总公司可能是控股的大股东,也可能是不具控股地位的股东,或不占任何股份仅提供专业技术和管理服务。现就铁路总公司不控股情况下的自管自营模式合资铁路GSM-R核心网、分组交换子系统、铁路调度通信系统、可控列尾系统建设方案进行研究,并对主要铁路业务的实现进行了分析,提出了自管自营模式合资铁路GSM-R无线通信系统建设性方案。     

浅谈工业机器人通讯网络控制方法

随着工业机器人的迅速发展,工业制造越来越智能化,越来越多的机器人应用于各种行业,机器人代替工人劳作势在必行。机器人设备维修人员需求量也变得越来越大。论文主要研讨UBC喷涂机器人(NACHI MC350)基本硬件组成,如何进行现场总线网络配置及地址分配以及让机器人实现外部启动所需的核心逻辑步序。     

城市核心区地铁线站位研究——以西安地铁5号线新桃园—劳动南路段为例

新桃园—劳动南路段地处西安城市核心区,建筑物密集、交通繁忙,很大程度限制了地铁5号线走行自由度。从方案概况、线路技术条件、客流吸引条件、与周边环境的适应性及工程实施条件等方面对4个线站位比选方案进行比选,推荐沿桃园路方案。从站位研究和换乘方案分析得出5、8号线在新桃园站采用L形换乘,8号线车站设置在5号线东侧方案是合理可行的。比选结论及建议可以对功能日渐强大的城市核心区线站位选择提供借鉴意义。总结在城市核心区地铁线站位研究过程中应力求做到的层面,以确保最终推荐的工程方案合理可行。     

三体船侧体布局及型线优化设计研究

采用分层次优化,首先以总阻力最小为优化目标对某三体船侧体横向和纵向的相对位置进行了优化研究,得到阻力性能最优的三体船侧体布局方案;然后基于侧体最优布局,进行型线优化,最终完成三体船的侧体布局和型线的序列优化。结果表明,所采用的三体船侧体布局及型线优化方法具有可行性,可为三体船船型设计提供参考依据。     

沙埕湾跨海公路通道桥位及桥型方案比选

沙埕湾跨海大桥为宁波至东莞高速公路福建省沙埕湾跨海公路通道的控制性工程。在建设条件适应性、工程经济技术、与路网合理衔接及服务功能的实现、运营管理及费用等方面,对跨海公路通道桥隧方案、桥位和桥型方案进行了详细的比选论证,最终选定在竹澳-青屿-阮家渡建设大桥跨越海湾,并确定主桥采用主跨550m双塔混合梁斜拉桥、引桥采用50m等截面连续箱梁作为大桥的推荐方案。