浅析新时期秘书人员应必备的素养

在21世纪,伴随着信息社会的发展和经济的全球一体化,社会竞争变得日趋激烈。处在这样的社会大背景下,秘书人员作为领导的参谋和助手,仅仅具有一定的专业知识和技能是远远不够的。因此,对他们综合素质的要求也越来越高。为了适应新形势的要求,秘书人员应该审时度势,不断提高自身的素养,在继承和发扬优良传统的基础上不断加以创新。本文从秘书人员的智能素养、秘书人员的工作技巧以及秘书人员的社会认知等不同视角,较深入地分析了秘书人员在新时期应该必备的素养。     

Siliceous plankton dominate primary and new productivity during the onset of El Niño conditions in the Santa Barbara Basin, California

The potential for carbon export and the role of siliceous plankton in the cycling of C and N was assessed in natural plankton assemblages in the Santa Barbara Basin, California, by examining uptake rates of inorganic carbon, nitrate and silicic acid. In April–August 1997, the concentrations of chlorophyll a, particulate organic carbon, particulate organic nitrogen and biogenic silica were measured twice monthly, and results revealed the occurrence of at least three blooms, the largest in June. Particulate elemental ratios of C, N and Si were similar to ratios of nutrient-replete diatoms, suggesting that they dominated this bloom. Mean integrated rates of carbon, nitrate and silicon uptake during the 4-month study period are similar to other productive coastal and upwelling regions (103, 8.3 and 13 mmol m⁻² day⁻¹, respectively). New production rates were twice as high as previously reported in this region and indicate that high rates of new production along eastern boundary currents are not confined to the major coastal upwelling regions. C/NO₃⁻, Si/NO₃⁻ and Si/C uptake ratios varied widely, and mean integrated ratios were 14±5.4, 1.6±1.0 and 0.12±0.07 (S.D.), respectively. That mean C/NO₃⁻ uptake ratio corresponds to an f-ratio of about 0.5 indicating a large potential for particulate export. Based on the average Si/NO₃⁻ and Si/C uptake ratios, diatoms could perform all of the primary production and nitrate uptake that occurred during the study; these rates also suggest that export is controlled by diatoms in this system. The mean Si/C biomass ratio was lower than the mean Si/C uptake ratio, consistent with the preferential export of Si relative to C observed in sediment traps in the basin. The study took place during a period of surface-water warming, with nitrate and silicic acid concentrations decreasing throughout the onset of the 1997–1998 El Niño conditions. Although diatoms contributed less to particulate biomass during the low nutrient conditions, high f-ratios (0.33–0.66) were maintained.     

城市新区建设项目交通影响分析技术研究

以探讨交通影响分析的技术方法为目的,以城市新区建设项目时交通系统的影响特点为基础,提出了适于城市新区建设项目交通影响分析关键技术,并对关键技术进行了详细的阐述论证,最后总结论文并提出了进一步研究的建议.     

上海铁通城域传送网的转型

业务需求和技术进步推动着城域传送网的转型。简要介绍当前最新的光传送技术，并具体分析了上海城域传送网利用新技术的转型。     

铁路集装箱运输新技术应用及其标准化研究

就集装箱运输发展是铁路运输业发展新动力的可能性和重要性作了探讨,并介绍了铁路集装箱运输中采用GSM-R、GIS、智能化配送等新技术的功能和作用,特别是对铁路集装箱运输标准化工作进行了具体的分析和论述,供有关部门参考。     

新建铁路乌海至巴彦浩特线引入乌海地区方案比选研究

乌海市地处内蒙古自治区西部,是华北与西北的结合部,在路网中占有非常重要的地位。新建铁路乌海至巴彦浩特线引入乌海地区的线路走向将直接影响乌海地区的交通和经济发展。通过分析乌海地区铁路现状,在保证主要客货列车流正常运行,兼顾车站及区间通过能力相协调的前提下,重点对本线路引入乌海地区的3个方案进行比选研究,并最终确定方案Ⅲ为其推荐方案。     

The New Zealand experience in restructuring road administration New Zealand road reform

Reform in the public sector in New Zealand saw the abolition of the Ministry of Works and Development in 1988, with the commercial activities being transferred into a Government owned company. Further reform saw the client function of roads transferred initially into the Ministry of Transport and then into an independent Crown agency known as Transit New Zealand. Transit New Zealand is led by an Authority of six members, appointed by the Government, and it administers the strategic (national) road network (10,500 kilometres).In 1996 a separate funding body, Transfund New Zealand, was established to distribute funds to Transit New Zealand and local authorities. Transfund New Zealand is funded through a share of the petrol excise, all vehicle registration and licensing fees and all road user charges (an axle-weight/distance charge levied on diesel vehicles, especially trucks). These revenues are paid into a dedicated National Roads Fund, which allows a measure of transparency in funding the road system. The reforms in New Zealand have resulted in large efficiency gains, with no measurable lowering in level of service.The road agency of the future is discussed, along with possible changes in road management.     

新大纲《海图作业》评估项目内容探讨

对新的《中华人民共和国海船船员适任评估大纲和规范》中，《海图作业》评估项目（甲类）的内容进行探讨，并对《海图作业》评估项目，必须增加《记录航海日志》评估内容的重要性进行论述，同时提出了建议和评估标准．     

A NEW URBAN FORM AND ITS INNOVATIVE TRANSPORTATION STRATEGY TO ACCOMMODATE URBAN GROWTH

If we are to accommodate the rate of urban growth which North America will face in the first half of the twenty-first century, it is the contention of this paper that we must build new cities, not new towns, beyond commuting distance of existing cities. These can be located in open countryside on virgin land, or they can grow around existing small towns, all in conjunction with the construction of an innovative personal transportation system. In this paper a hexagonal modular structure, in which self-contained urban units can be combined and added to over time, is proposed as a new urban form and AVCS maglev — which will serve the new cities efficiently — is proposed as a key transportation strategy.     

结合工程实例浅谈兰州新区地基处理经验

兰州新区主要的特殊路基为湿陷性黄土路基,地基处理方案不能一概而论,需结合湿陷性等级分段、道路填挖方分段、沿线建筑物分布及各个工程特点分段进行确定,结合兰州新区北斗路的建设,总结了兰州新区地基处理的几点经验,供道路专业人员参考。