地铁隧道穿越南水北调干渠施工影响分析

以郑州轨道交通2号线向阳路站-南四环站区间盾构隧道下穿南水北调干渠工程为例,利用Midas/GTS有限元软件对地铁隧道下穿南水北调干渠在未通水及通水2种工况下进行对比模拟分析,通过现行沉降控制标准,得出以下结论： 1）左右线之间间距在2倍洞径以上,可有效减少左右线隧道对干渠的叠加影响; 2）在干渠未通水的情况下,隧道在渠底覆土8 m可满足沉降要求,在干渠通水之后,下穿隧道在渠底覆土厚度建议大于12 m。从地铁隧道施工方面考虑盾构施工对南水北调干渠可能产生的影响,以期为地铁隧道下穿南水北调干渠明渠设计及施工过程中线间距、覆土厚度选择、下穿时序及盾构掘进参数提供借鉴。     

广深港客专口岸设置方案研究

针对广深港客运专线建成后内地与香港间长途旅客列车的口岸设置方案进行研究,分析各种方案的实施可能和适应情况,提出在深圳北站集中承担长途旅客通关作业的方案,并对下车查验、车上查验等模式下的旅客流线、到发线能力、站台分配进行具体分析,经过综合分析比较,得出深圳北站集中查验,旅客下车不换车方案在经济性以及可实施性等方面最合理的结论。     

美国公路项目融资和收费公路

粗略地介绍了美国公路设施建设的融资及其方法的发展,包括美国联邦机动车燃油税由来、收费公路的历史和现状,尤其是对在美国颇具争论的印第安纳收费公路租赁,其成功或失败将对印第安纳乃至全美的交通基础设施建设的融资产生较大影响,为此从历史和现实两方面对其做了详细介绍。     

南京枢纽新建南京北动车所的必要性及整体布局方案研究

针对国内在新建高速铁路枢纽内,动车组配属及承担动车段(所)动车组检修工作量、检修设施规模的测算结果中表现出的不统一、不协调及不匹配等问题,本文以新建南京枢纽南京北动车所工程项目为依托,研究确定枢纽内动车组配属规模设计、承担动车段(所)动车组检修工作量及检修设施规模测算理论,提出了以全周转时间及日车公里法为指标的2种枢纽...     

Improvement of the volume-delay function by incorporating the impact of trucks on traffic flow

In current transportation modelling, travel time is the most important factor in decisions regarding transport modes, destinations and routes. The calculation of travel time is deployed by volume-delay functions (VDFs), a sub-model of route assignment procedure, using the correlation between increasing numbers of vehicles on a road and the road's restrictive capacity. By investigating existing VDFs, a clear gap is seen, demonstrating that current functions are not suited to reflect the empirically known large impact of trucks on passenger car travel times. This issue becomes crucial when transport models are used to reflect future scenarios where goods transportation is expected to increase greatly, and when transport models combine passenger and commercial traffic. This paper presents a new VDF which successfully includes trucks’ impact on traffic flow in the case of Germany and, with slight deviations, for North America. The function is developed using ideal-type data for German motorways. The differences between German and US data and their implications for VDFs are also discussed.     

马在美洲的传播初探

自哥伦布第二次航行后,新旧大陆之间开始了前所未有的大交流时代,为了满足殖民者作战和饮食的需要,欧洲的家畜、家禽等被陆续传到美洲,并繁衍生息,美洲土著居民的生产和生活也因此发生重大改变。其中马的传播意义尤为重要,而中国学界对此还很缺乏研究。大量西语原文文献记载了马是如何传到美洲、何人传入、传播路线及其在美洲的发展过程等。     

新疆G217线天山北坡段挡土墙破坏成因与防治

挡土墙是新疆G217线天山北坡公路重要的环境防护部分,笔者基于大量的现场调研,尤其根据公路两侧挡土墙破坏现状,概化了挡土墙的破坏类型,并就其成因进行了分析,构建了相应的有效防治技术措施.     

The Brazilian National Plan for Coastal Management (PNGC)

The article is divided into three clearly defined sections. The first outlines the Brazilian National Coastal Zone Management Plan. The second offers a critical assessment of its introduction. To conclude, some general considerations are made. In this way, the author aims to achieve two objectives: to disseminate the aforementioned plan and offer a critical opinion of it.     

Description of a flexible and extendable physical–biogeochemical model system for the water column

A modelling system for coupled physical–biogeochemical simulations in the water column is presented here. The physical model component allows for a number of different statistical turbulence closure schemes, ranging from simple algebraic closures to two-equation turbulence models with algebraic second-moment closures. The biogeochemical module consists of models which are based on a number of state variables represented by their ensemble averaged concentrations. Specific biogeochemical models may range from simple NPZ (nutrient–phytoplankton–zooplankton) to complex ecosystem models. Recently developed modified Patankar solvers for ordinary differential equations allow for stable discretisations of the production and destruction terms guaranteeing conservative and non-negative solutions. The increased stability of these new solvers over explicit solvers is demonstrated for a plankton spring bloom simulation. The model system is applied to marine ecosystem dynamics the Northern North Sea and the Central Gotland Sea. Two different biogeochemical models are applied, a conservative nitrogen-based model to the North Sea, and a more complex model including an oxygen equation to the Baltic Sea, allowing for the reproduction of chemical processes under anoxic conditions. For both applications, earlier model results obtained with slightly different model setups could be basically reproduced. It became however clear that the choice for ecosystem model parameters such as maximum phytoplankton growth rates does strongly depend on the physical model parameters (such as turbulence closure models or external forcing).     

Biogenic silica cycle in surface sediments of the Greenland Sea

In contrast to several investigations of biogenic silica (BSi) content and recycling in surface sediments of the Southern Ocean, little is known about the benthic cycle of BSi in high northern latitudes. Therefore, we investigated the silicic acid concentration of pore water and BSi content of surface sediments from the Greenland Sea. Low BSi contents of less than 2% were observed. High-resolution (2–5 mm) BSi profiles and comparisons to trap studies suggest that only relatively dissolution-resistant siliceous components reach the seafloor. Pore water investigations reveal BSi fluxes of more than 300 mmol m⁻² a⁻¹ only for a few sites on the shelf. A statistically significant relationship between water depth and BSi rain rate reaching the seafloor was not observed. Sampling along a transect perpendicular to the marginal ice zone (MIZ) revealed no enhanced rain rate of BSi reaching the seafloor in the vicinity of the ice edge. Although the MIZ of the Greenland Sea is characterized by the enhanced export of biogenic particles from surface waters, this feature is not reflected in the benthic cycle of biogenic silica. The lack of such a relationship, which is in contrast to observations of shelf and continental margin sediments in the southern South Atlantic, is probably caused by the enhanced dissolution of BSi in the water column and highly dynamic ice conditions in the Greenland Sea.