造纸废水资源化利用对土壤理化性质的影响

利用造纸废水在荒漠区进行防风固沙生态林试验种植,5 a内植树66.66 hm2,直观上看已取得初步成功.然而,经过斜面网过滤后把5 000 m3·d-1的造纸污水输送到沙漠边缘进行生态林灌溉,对土壤理化性质的影响进行分析与研究.样品预处理后进行监测分析,结果表明,土壤容重降低18.3%,孔隙度增大28.4%;土壤pH值下降4.4%;土壤有机质含量增加29.9倍;土壤中总氮、总磷含量分别增加22.6和4.3倍;土壤中全盐量增加2.0倍.     

Studies on the Effect of Accelerated Thermal Aging on Electrical and Physicochemical Properties of XLPE Cable

The degradation of crosslinked polyethylene (XLPE) cable insulation during service, such as thermo-oxidation and water treeing may lead to a premature electrical breakdown of the XLPE insulation cables. Therefore, it is necessary to optimize the period of replacement to evenly distribute the replacement cost by ascertaining the deterioration degree. Estimation of the aging degree is at present the most important task for diagnosis of the residual lifetime of the power cable insulation. This paper presents a study on the changes in the dielectric properties of the thermally aged XLPE cables in the frequency range from 0.07～10 MHz. Based on electrical and physicochemical characterization, some new "dactylograms" for the thermally aged XLPE cable insulation have been proposed.     

环向预应力钢绞线加固RC拱肋力学性能试验

通过RC方柱偏压试验和RC拱肋面内受力全过程试验,对环向预应力钢绞线（LPSW）加固拱桥方法进行研究。对相对偏心距分别为0,0.25,0.5的3类RC方柱进行偏心受压试验,偏心试验表明：RC方柱加固后,预应力钢绞线先于箍筋约束混凝土,有效抑制了混凝土裂缝的纵向开展,预应力钢绞线及箍筋之间具有良好的变形协调性;LPSW加固柱承载力提高了3%～34%,LPSW加固技术适合于小偏心受压结构,偏心距越小,增强效果越明显。在偏压试验基础上,拓展了LPSW加固RC拱肋的模型试验,对LPSW加固模型拱荷载-挠度曲线、截面应变和结构破坏模式等方面进行分析。拱肋试验表明：LPSW拱肋受力过程和破坏模式与RC拱肋相似,分为弹性阶段、裂缝开展阶段和钢筋屈服阶段,最终因出现5个塑性铰形成机构而呈塑性破坏。由于环向预应力钢绞线约束,使RC拱肋提前处于3向受压应力状态,横向膨胀受到约束,避免拱肋出现拉应力,加固拱肋的初裂荷载、钢筋屈服荷载和极限荷载为未加固拱的2倍、1.6倍和1.47倍。基于偏压柱及拱肋试验结果,利用弹塑性失稳理论的等效梁柱法,建立LPSW加固拱肋极限承载力的计算公式,计算值与试验值吻合较好,且偏于安全,可用于评估实际加固拱桥的承载能力。     

不同含水率下石灰改良红层泥岩土的力学特性试验研究

为掌握不同含水率下石灰改良黔张常高铁地区红层泥岩的力学特性,对红层泥岩及其石灰改良土进行了击实试验,随后考虑最优含水率和饱和含水率进行了无侧限抗压,CBR,直剪等力学试验,结果表明:随石灰掺量增加,改良红层泥岩的最优含水率逐渐增大,而最大干密度则逐渐减小.石灰对红层泥岩土的强度和承载力有显著改善,但改善效果与红层泥岩土自身的含水率有关.饱和状态下,石灰掺量增加,对CBR值和黏聚力改善的效果越好,但对无侧限抗压强度和内摩擦角改善效果的增幅不如前者明显;最优含水率下,石灰掺量越高,无侧限抗压强度、黏聚力和CBR值逐渐增加,但对内摩擦角的改善效果并不明显,且当石灰掺量超过6％时,其内摩擦角略有减小.最终推荐利用石灰改良黔张常地区红层泥岩时最优掺比为6％.     

泡沫聚苯乙烯（EPS）力学性能的室内试验研究

泡沫聚苯乙烯（英文简称EPS）具有超轻，耐水，不易老化，耐腐蚀，自立性强等特性；通过室内单轴、三轴力学试验，系统研究了EPS的静力学、动力学性能。试验结果表明：EPS可广泛应用于公路工程的桥台软基处理等许多特殊工程中。     

地质雷达在路基压实效果无损监测中的应用研究

探地雷达是近年在我国开始应用于高速公路检测的一项新技术,文章结合高速公路施工实践,介绍利用探地雷达在路基压实效果无损监测中的应用情况,通过对探地雷达现场应用可行性分析研究,得出利用探地雷达检测路基压实度的方法。     

A numerical study on the installation configuration design of compliant vertical access riser (CVAR) in deepwater

In oil and gas transportation, the compliant vertical access riser (CVAR) system conducts economic and operational advantages due to its special configuration. In this paper, the static performance of the CVAR is studied by an efficient numerical method. According to the unique configuration of the CVAR, the mathematical model is established based on minimum total potential energy principle. The equilibrium equations are discretized by finite difference method and then solved by Newton-Raphson technique. The accuracy of the numerical method is verified by OrcaFlex software. Detailed parametric analysis is carried out based on practical engineering requirements. The effects of buoyancy section's configuration including buoyancy factor, buoyancy section's length and buoyancy section's location, and external environmental factors including wellhead offset distance, water depth and current velocity on installation shape and mechanical properties of the CVAR are analyzed. The research shows that the presented numerical method has good applicability and flexibility for the early installation configuration design of marine risers which have no touchdown section but only one touchdown point and are equipped with multiple buoyancy blocks subjected to forces of different directions and magnitudes, such as CVARs.     

面向刚度设计的 GFRP 和 VRB/GFRP 混合层合板应变能密度分布研究

针对 VRB/GFRP混合结构刚度优化设计复杂而耗时这一问题，利用有限元法分析了 GFRP铺层角度和铺层数量、VRB厚度分布形式对两种层合板刚度特性及各组分应变能密度分布的影响规律。研究结果表明，应变能密度越小能表征更好的刚度性能；抗弯与抗凹工况下，采用# （0/90） 铺层角度、增加 GFRP铺层数量以及 VRB采用 0.9-1.8-0.9 mm 的厚度分布形式时，VRB/GFRP层合板各组分的应变能密度分布更加均匀，从而获得更好的刚度性能。     

Ultimate strength assessment of simply supported pitted platings: A new stochastic approach based on Monte Carlo simulation

The ultimate strength assessment of platings affected by random corrosion wastage is a key factor for the reliable design of new ships and the structural health monitoring of aged structures, as pitting corrosion wastage significantly affects the ultimate capacity of platings under compression. In this respect, significant efforts have been undertaken in the last decade to assess the ultimate strength drop-off of pitted platings under compression and several interpolating design formulas, based on a large number of FE simulations, have been developed. Nevertheless, current Rules and guidelines don't provide any explicit strength check criterion for pitted platings. Hence, the main aim of current research is the development of a new framework for the ultimate strength assessment of pitted platings, based on a stochastic approach and the endorsement of Monte Carlo simulation. A new formula, which allows evaluating the statistical properties of the plating ultimate strength in presence of random corrosion wastage, is developed. Subsequently, a benchmark study is carried out, to compare the new formula with the existing ones available in literature and a wide set of FE simulations, carried out by Ansys APDL. Current results are discussed, and the effectiveness of the new formula is verified.     

波纹钢板截面几何性质精确计算

为快捷、精确地计算波纹钢板截面几何性质，通过各截面几何性质的定义推导得出单位长度波纹钢板截面面积、惯性矩、截面模量、回转半径的精确计算公式，并将其编写为“波纹钢板截面几何性质计算器”程序。以两种波形为计算实例，将编写程序的计算结果与现有文献和CAD软件计算结果对比，结果表明：计算结果与CAD软件计算结果完全吻合，而现有文献中的计算结果均存在误差，为近似值。可见，推导的计算公式及编写的“波纹钢板截面几何性质计算器”程序可精确计算波纹钢板截面几何性质。