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21.
随着汽车运动速度的提高及汽车日益轻量化,汽车的车内外运动噪声越来越严重,影响行车的安全性、舒适性、动力性和经济性,也干扰其它车辆的行驶和附近居民的正常生活,其研究具有重要意义。分析引起运动噪声的主要噪声源,概述其形成机理,介绍其研究现状及方法,并对其发展进行展望。 相似文献
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介绍了舰船防污染领域中生活污水处理技术,灰水处理技术、油污水处理技术的现状,对现有船舶污水处理装置存在的问题进行了分析,论述了船舶污水处理技术的发展趋势. 相似文献
24.
北京地铁八通线电磁辐射污染的调查及控制 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
基于对北京地铁八通线电磁辐射的实地调查数据,分析城市轨道交通沿线电磁辐射污染源对周围环境及对人体可能产生的潜在危害,提出对城市轨道交通产生的电磁辐射污染进行有效控制的不同方法。 相似文献
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The emission of particulate matter (PM) and other atmospheric pollutants in port operations and shipping have caused a huge negative impact on the environment. Consequently, how to evaluate the environmental efficiency of ports and put forward corresponding countermeasures on this basis is becoming a more important issue than ever before from the perspectives of the government, academia, and society. We construct three data envelopment analysis (DEA) models to evaluate the environmental efficiency of ports under the circumstances of environmental control, non-environmental control and PM emission through inter-ports cooperation. The innovation of the DEA models constructed in this paper lies in: (1) Setting environmental control parameters to uniformly manipulate the situations of environmental control and non-environmental control, etc.; (2) Allowing non-equal proportional change of input index, expected output and non-expected output index; (3) Setting preference coefficients for ports to admit favorable decisions; (4) Providing a distance formula of expected output for PM emission reallocation. Further, data from 11 major ports in China are collected to compare the expected output under different PM emission standards assuming the situation of environmental control and non-environmental control, port cooperation, and non-cooperative sewage discharge. The empirical results show that: (1) Ports in the eastern China (Shanghai, Ningbo, and Nanjing) have higher port efficiency; (2) Port cooperation can improve the overall expected output but it will lose its edge with the improvement of PM emission standards. (3) Ports follow the same trend of output loss regardless of favorable decisions. In the end, the author makes a summary, puts forward relevant policy suggestions and makes the recommendation for future research. 相似文献
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汽车排放污染及净化对策研究 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
阐述汽车排放污染物的成分及其危害,介绍新排放法规Ⅰ型、Ⅲ型、Ⅳ型试验限值,重点分析汽车的5项排放影响因素及其净化措施。 相似文献
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Yan HengSiew Hoon Lim Junwook Chi 《Transportation Research Part D: Transport and Environment》2012,17(4):309-316
This paper introduces toxic air pollutants into the measurement of trucking productivity to obtain true productivity growth. Our results show that omitting or ignoring toxic air pollutants in measuring trucking productivity yields statistically significant biased productivity estimates in for 2002-2005. Trucking productivity growth was understated by the traditional productivity measure, because the latter did not account for reductions in truck air pollution over time. We also find that the difference between traditional and environmental efficiency scores was negligible, suggesting that environmental constraint did not distort efficiency in the trucking sector. 相似文献
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Efficient port services are prerequisites for competitive and sustainable maritime transports. This paper makes advances in studying the determinants of the time that ships spend in port and the associated emissions to air. We estimate a production model for cargo handling based on a unique dataset containing each port of call at the largest container terminals in Norway in 2014. In turn, we use auxiliary engine emission factors to estimate particulate matter and nitrogen oxide emissions from ships at berth, to determine how the corresponding damage costs of air pollution vary with container throughput, location, and terminal investments. We find that Norwegian container terminals operate under increasing returns to density. Small ships that unload few containers are far from reaping economies of density, leading to high marginal time requirements for container handling and consequently high marginal external costs. From a Pigouvian taxation perspective, port charges should therefore be regressive in the number of containers handled. Moreover, we find that the external costs of maritime transports are severely understated when port operations are ignored. Our model allows determining the marginal productivities of port facilities. Thereby, it is instrumental in designing port charges that are diversified according to the quantity of containers handled and the service quality (i.e., the speed of handling operations). Regarding contextual factors, we find that establishing high-frequent liner services improves the ship working rate, while simultaneous calls at a terminal impede productivity. The type of container (loading/unloading; empty/laden) also appears to influence the duration of ship working. 相似文献
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