Modeling the impacts of alternative emission trading schemes on international shipping

Various market-based measures have been proposed to reduce CO₂ emissions from international shipping. One promising mechanism under consideration is the Emission Trading Scheme (ETS). This study analyzes and benchmarks the economic implications of two alternative ETS mechanisms, namely, an open ETS compared to a Maritime only ETS (METS). The analytical solutions and model calibration results allow us to quantify the impacts of alternative ETS schemes on the container shipping sector and the dry bulk shipping sector. It is found that an ETS, whether open or maritime only, will decrease shipping speed, carrier outputs and fuel consumption for both the container and dry bulk sectors, even in the presence of a “wind-fall” profit to shipping companies. Under an open ETS, the dry bulk sector will suffer from a higher proportional reduction in output than the container sector, and will thus sell more emission permits or purchase fewer permits. Under an METS, container carriers will buy emission permits from the dry bulk side. In addition, under an METS the degree of competition within one sector will have spill-over effects on the other sector. Specifically, when the sector that sells (buys) permits is more collusive (competitive), the equilibrium permit price will rise. This study provides a framework for identifying the moderating effects of market structure and competition between firms on emission reduction schemes, and emphasizes the importance of understanding the differential impacts of ETS schemes on individual sectors within an industry when considering alternative policies.     

A context aware system for driving style evaluation by an ensemble learning on smartphone sensors data

There are many systems to evaluate driving style based on smartphone sensors without enough awareness from the context. To cover this gap, we propose a new system namely CADSE system to consider the effects of traffic levels and car types on driving evaluation. CADSE system includes three subsystems to calibrate smartphone, to classify the maneuvers, and to evaluate driving styles. For each maneuver, the smartphone sensors data are gathered in three successive time intervals referred as pre-maneuver, in-maneuver, and post-maneuver times. Then, we extract some important mathematical and experimental features from these data. Afterwards, we propose an ensemble learning method on these features to classify the maneuvers. This ensemble method includes decision tree, support vector machine, multi-layer perceptron, and k-nearest neighbors. Finally, we develop a rule-based fuzzy inference system to integrate the outputs of these algorithms and to recognize dangerous and safe maneuvers. CADSE saves this result in driver’s profile to consider more for dangerous driving recognition. The experimental results show that accuracy, precision, recall, and F-measure of CADSE system are greater than 94%, 92%, 92%, and 93%, respectively that prove the system efficiency.     

U型重力式桥台裂缝处理

针对重庆境内某山区简支梁桥U型重力式桥台出现裂缝,通过调查分析,确定裂缝产生机制,并针对机制,采用有压注浆加固地基和预应力、自进式锚杆、钢筋混凝土竖梁结合的方案加固桥台。裂缝处理后,通过观测,证明处理方案有效。     

诗歌的“正”、“变”之道与诗人的“非本色”创作——以“诚斋体”为中心

摘要南北宋之际始以"正变"论诗,不同时代、不同批评者对诗歌的正体、变调认识不同,反映人们的诗歌观念随时而变。诗歌发展本是"因时递变"的过程,"变"又分为"正变"和"大变"。"正变"重视表达方式的合乎传统和规律,"大变"者则可能以牺牲形式为代价而追求"意"的自由表达,这种创作往往被视为"非本色",尤以韩愈、苏轼和杨万里为典型。"大变"对诗歌发展进程具有极为深远的意义,却往往不能为当时或后世接受和理解。这也是天才诗人超越时代的写作注定要面临的困境。     

利比亚米苏拉塔市萨瓦瓦区5000套住宅项目中心区设计

从确定符合项目实际情况的设计原则入手,通过利比亚米苏拉塔市萨瓦瓦住宅区中心区总体布局和建筑设计两个方面的设计实践,探讨了"传统、现代与文脉"这一当今时代无法回避的文化议题。并且针对具有鲜明文化、宗教和气候特征的建筑设计的特点、方法与风格进行了总结,为今后的实践提供借鉴。     

M立交H匝道矫设计简析

M立交H匝道桥是该互通式立交中实现快速环道左转弯必不可少的定向匝道桥，是本立交系统的一项关键工程。设计结合立交布局、地形、地质等特点，对H匝道的桥式进行了合理的布置，对桥梁工程进行了结构分析与设计，对类似的匝道设计有一定的指导作用。     

我国现阶段货币政策国际协调研究

在开放经济中,货币政策国际协调日益成为各国解决贸易争端,促进经济和谐发展的必要手段。改革开放后,我国经济融入世界经济的步伐加快,我国的货币金融市场呈现出既矛盾又统一的特点,这一特点决定了我国的货币政策国际协调处于相对被动的局面。因此,在今后一段时间,如何采取合适的协调方式,将是我国货币政策进行国际协调的新课题。结合我国当前的经济形势,文章给出了一些针对性的建议。     

沉井基础竖向承载特性的离心模型试验研究

基于离心模型试验对饱和砂土地基中沉井基础在竖向荷载作用下的承载特性进行研究,初步掌握地基极限承载力随基础埋深和基础宽度变化的规律,并对试验结果进行对比分析,结果表明:(1)基础埋深不大于5 m时,荷载-沉降曲线为陡降型,有明显的拐点出现,可取拐点对应的荷载作为极限承载力;基础埋深不小于10 m时,荷载-沉降曲线为缓变型,未出现明显的拐点,建议取相对沉降量(基础的实测沉降量与基础宽度的比值)对应的荷载作为极限承载力。(2)在均质地基环境中,极限承载力随基础相对埋深的增加近似呈指数型曲线增长。(3)进一步推求沉井基础极限承载力随基础宽度和相对埋深变化的函数表达式,其成果可用于估算砂土地基中沉井基础的地基极限承载力。     

地铁OTN传输系统的构成和可靠性分析

从开放式传输网络（OTN）的传输环路故障保护原理出发,结合地铁的实际情况,论述OTN传输系统的构成;分析端站光纤两种连接方式的可靠性,提出提高可靠性的建议。     

中山市旧城改造中的风貌保护问题

结合中山市历次规划对旧城风貌保护认识的加深和现状规划管理工作 ,谈谈如何在真实记载并展现历史过程的同时 ,书写和创造城市自身的魅力