纳米膨润土改性沥青机理研究

利用膨润土中富含的天然层状硅酸盐有机化"插层"预处理,在熔融沥青中"剥离"为纳米颗粒,并在沥青中均匀分散,形成纳米增强沥青复合材料。     

膨润土防水毯在地铁车站的应用

为了在施工中解决深基地下工程防水的问题,以地铁工程为例,初步探讨了膨润土防水的施工技术,提出了施工的具体关键工艺和方法,以期对今后类似工程具有一定的参考价值。     

矿物发泡型和有机降粘型温拌沥青混合料性能研究

文章通过采用马歇尔试验、水稳定性试验及高温稳定性试验方法，对比分析了矿物发泡型和有机降粘型两种温拌添加剂对沥青混合料各项性能的影响。结果表明：温拌添加剂会对沥青混合料的性能产生影响，但满足现有行业规范的要求，可大力推广应用。     

新型船体防污漆应用研究

防污漆是决定舰船使用寿命的重要因素之一,随着世界涂料工业的发展,船体防污漆的性能也得到了极大的提升,不同原理的新型防污漆相继问世。本文重点结合实船的使用经验探讨了有机硅弹性体污底控制防污漆的各项性能、施工工艺以及清洁维护等特点,为该类型防污漆的使用提供了参考。     

船舶绿色涂装装备与颗粒物排放治理技术

针对船舶涂装污染物排放问题,进行绿色表面除锈清理和大包装喷涂工艺装备研发,结合涂装工艺改进与装备升级,开展涂装粉尘、漆雾和挥发性有机污染物(Volatile Organic Compound,VOC)排放治理技术研究。绿色涂装工艺装备可有效减少粉尘,VOC最大减排率达12.5%。颗粒物治理技术综合应用结果表明,绿色涂装工艺装备的应用和涂装工艺改进可有效减少污染物排放。     

Particle fluxes in the Almeria-Oran Front: control by coastal upwelling and sea surface circulation

Particle flux data were obtained from one instrumented array moored under the direct influence of the Almeria-Oran Front (AOF) in the Eastern Alboran Sea, Western Mediterranean Sea, within the frame of the “Mediterranean Targeted Project II-MAss Transfer and Ecosystem Response” (MTPII-MATER) EU-funded research project. The mooring line was deployed from July 1997 to May 1998, and was equipped with three sequential sampling sediment trap-current meter pairs at 645, 1170 and 2210 m (30 m above the seafloor). The settling material was analysed to obtain total mass, organic carbon, opal, calcium carbonate and lithogenic fluxes. Qualitative analyses of SST and SeaWiFS images allowed monitoring the location and development of the Western and Eastern Alboran Sea gyres and associated frontal systems to determine their influence on particle fluxes.Particle flux time series obtained at the three depths showed a downward decrease of the time-weighed total mass flux annual means, thus illustrating the role of pelagic particle settling. The total mass flux was dominated by the lithogenic fraction followed by calcium carbonate, opal and organic carbon. The time series at the various depths were rather similar, with two strong synchronous biogenic peaks (up to 98 mg m⁻² day⁻¹ of organic carbon and 156 mg m⁻² day⁻¹ of opal) recorded in July 1997 and May 1998. Through comparing the fluctuations of the lithogenic and calcium carbonate-rich fluxes with the biogenic flux, we observed that the non-biogenic fluxes remained roughly constant, while the biogenic flux responded strongly to seasonal variations throughout the water column.Overall, the temporal variability of particle fluxes appeared to be linked to the evolution of several tens of kilometres in length sea surface hydrological structures and circulation of the Alboran Sea. Periodic southeastward advective displacements of waters from upwelling events off the southern Spanish coast were observed on SST and SeaWiFS images. In between these periods, widespread phytoplankton blooms were observed. The influence of the varying surface structures resulted in changes in the biogenic particle flux. For example, we observed an opal pulse in April 1998 that resulted from a diatom-rich highly productive frontal surface situation above the mooring line.Estimation of the annual organic carbon export and calculation of a seasonality index indicate that the overall dynamics of the carbon reservoir within the Eastern Alboran Sea appears to be strongly influenced by the sea surface hydrological structures.     

土压平衡盾构穿越透水砾砂层渣土改良试验研究

土压平衡盾构在透水砂性地层掘进时,通常会出现不同程度的渣土喷涌问题,严重时可能威胁盾构隧道管片衬砌结构的安全。针对土压平衡盾构穿越深圳地铁7号线大沙河段透水砾砂层掘进施工,采用钠基膨润土与CMC作为渣土改良基材,开展透水砂层土压平衡盾构掘进渣土改良室内试验,揭示了改良剂浓度、掺量及不同组合对渣土改良效果的影响规律,并据此提出具有针对性的配比方案。研究结果表明:钠基膨润土泥浆对饱和砾砂改良效果显著,膨润土泥浆与CMC混合使用可以进一步降低改良土体的渗透系数,提升土体改良效果;结合工程实际给出膨润土泥浆浓度为11%、膨润土浆液与渣土体积比为1∶4的改良方案,通过对改良后渣土状态、盾构施工参数及地表沉降控制效果的综合分析,验证所提渣土改良方案的可行性。     

西安地铁全断面无水砂层盾构施工技术

针对无水砂层的特点,从土压平衡盾构机选型、渣土改良、刀盘开口率大小及能否顺利建立土压平衡几个方面进行了试验、分析和研究,确定了渣土改良的配比和合理掺量,并结合工程实际进行了验证和完善,使盾构机安全顺利地通过该地层并且取得了一定的经济效益,从而解决了盾构机穿越无水砂层的难题,可为今后施工类似地层提供经验。     

温拌沥青混合料制备技术综述

分析了温拌沥青混合料在国内外发展应用状况,按照工作机理,将各种温拌沥青混合料分为三类,详细介绍了各类温拌沥青混合料制备方法与流程,归纳总结各类温拌沥青混合料应用概况。     

Present-day biosiliceous sedimentation in the northwestern Ross Sea, Antarctica

Sedimentological and oceanographic inferences have been obtained for the NW Ross Sea using sedimentary ²¹⁰Pb as a tracer together with determinations of biogenic silica and organic carbon. ²¹⁰Pb chronologies give apparent accumulation rates ranging between 14 and 80 mg cm⁻² yr⁻¹ (0.02–0.12 cm yr⁻¹) in the shelf basins. Even if a profile of ²¹⁰Pb is present in sediments from the top of the banks, here sediment accumulation rate is practically null, and physical mixing is responsible for the downward transport of fine particles and associated ²¹⁰Pb. The accuracy of ²¹⁰Pb-derived accumulation rates is discussed with respect to ¹⁴C dates. The annual rate of biogenic accumulation from ²¹⁰Pb appears to be ca. 8 times higher than the value derived using radiocarbon. Bioturbation is probably responsible for the discrepancy but also temporal and spatial variations in opal accumulation play a key-role. Contrasting measured and expected inventories of ²¹⁰Pb, a residence time of about 50 years has been tentatively estimated for the water in the NW Ross Sea. Furthermore, the data suggest that the pattern of present-day biosiliceous sediment accumulation in the Ross Sea is mainly driven by biogenic silica production in the water column, the SW area being the most productive part of the Ross Sea, by high sediment accumulation rate which enhances the seabed preservation, and by hydrodynamics, which is so effective to resuspend fine biogenic particles from the topographic highs. Resuspended particles are then deposited onto the flanks. The material which accumulates in the central part of the basins derives basically from primary production and settling through the water column.