地铁高架站站台送风舒适度分析

针对南方某地铁线路高架车站站台设置送风系统方案,采用舒适度评价方法进行定量分析,得出结论：在夏季,高架站站台送风系统设计的必要性不大,因高架站站台设机械通风对人的舒适感没有太多的作用,因此可以不设机械通风,而延用自然通风方案即可。     

下一代网络(NGN)与移动IPv6

下一代网络(NGN)是目前网络发展的趋势,是今后通信业务和互联网业务的核心,其核心承载将使用IPv6技术。作为IPv6内在组成部分的移动IPv6技术,对于下一代网络,尤其是对于下一代移动通信网络,有着极其重要的影响。通过移动IPv6技术,可以各种接入方式,将宽带、移动互联网和现有的无线系统等都无缝地集成到IP层,通过一种网络基础设施提供所有通信和信息服务,即是下一代网络发展的方向,也是移动IPv6的核心优势。     

加强航海人员VTS意识的必要性

文中首先阐述了VTS的重要性,为进一步发挥VTS作用,提出了加强航海人员VTS意识的必要性,并结合案例进一步论证航海人员VTS意识的重要性,最后结合国际公约及国家的相关规则,对现有航海人员的培训提出细化及增添的建议,提出了通过岸基管理、航海人员的培训及港口国监督等方法来提升航海人员的VTS意识。     

Bayesian network for red-light-running prediction at signalized intersections

Abstract

Red-light-running (RLR) is an important reason for the large number of intersection-related fatalities, injuries, and other losses. The accurate RLR prediction can effectively reduce crashes caused by RLR behavior. The RLR prediction is usually composed of two parts: the vehicle’s stop-or-go behavior and the arrival time when the vehicle reaches the stop line. Previous stop-or-go prediction models are usually based on embedded traffic sensors using machine learning algorithms. While based on the continuous trajectories collected by radar sensors, RLR prediction can be conducted more effectively. In this paper, a probabilistic stop-or-go prediction model based on the Bayesian network (BN) is proposed for RLR prediction. We extend the deterministic output into the probabilistic output, which provides decision-makers with greater autonomy. The causality of BN improves the interpretability of the prediction model. The BN model is calibrated and tested by the continuous trajectories data measured by radar sensors installed at a signalized intersection. We not only consider the movement measurements of individual vehicles (e.g., speed and acceleration), but also take into account the car-following behavior. As a comparison, different machine learning models and the model based on the inductive loop detection (ILD) are adopted. The results show that the proposed BN model has a high prediction accuracy and performs better in the feature interpretation. This paper provides a new way for probabilistic RLR prediction based on continuous trajectories, which will significantly improve traffic safety of signalized intersections.     

Railway reforms: do they influence operating efficiency?

This paper considers railway operations in 23 European countries during 1995–2001, where a series of reform initiatives were launched by the European Commission, and analyses whether these reform initiatives improved the efficiency of the railway systems. Efficiency is measured using Multi-directional Efficiency Analysis, which enables investigation of how railway reforms affect the inefficiencies of specific cost drivers. The main findings are that the reform initiatives generally improve technical efficiency but potentially differently for different cost drivers. Specifically, the paper provides empirical evidence that accounting separation is important for improving the efficiency in the use of both material and staff costs, whereas other reforms only influenced one of these factors.

Understanding the impacts of a combination of service improvement strategies on bus running time and passenger’s perception

Transit agencies implement many strategies in order to provide an attractive transportation service. This article aims to evaluate the impacts of implementing a combination of strategies, designed to improve the bus transit service, on running time and passenger satisfaction. These strategies include using smart card fare collection, introducing limited-stop bus service, implementing reserved bus lanes, using articulated buses, and implementing transit signal priority (TSP). This study uses stop-level data collected from the Société de transport de Montréal (STM)’s automatic vehicle location (AVL) and automatic passenger count (APC) systems, in Montréal, Canada. The combination of these strategies has lead to a 10.5% decline in running time along the limited stop service compared to the regular service. The regular route running time has increased by 1% on average compared to the initial time period. The study also shows that riders are generally satisfied with the service improvements. They tend to overestimate the savings associated with the implementation of this combination of strategies by 3.5-6.0 min and by 2.5-4.1 min for both the regular route and the limited stop service, respectively. This study helps transit planners and policy makers to better understand the effects of implementing a combination of strategies to improve running time and passenger’s perception of these changes in service.     

结构分割转换工法在地下空间开发中的应用及设想

为了更加快速、安全、高效地完成城市地下空间开发,以结构分割转换工法（CC工法）为研究内容,从工法内涵、工程实践和应用推广3个角度展开研究。首先,基于ＣＣ工法的最新研究成果,从结构分割、建造方案及节点处理3个方面详细介绍CC工法的核心内容;然后,结合工程实践对该工法进行验证性研究,重点比较跨中设缝与柱顶设缝方案的优缺点,介绍该工程地下结构分割、转换的过程,最终证实CC工法建造地下空间的合理性、灵活性及适用性;最后,进行CC工法在富水地层中应用的可行性研究,通过对CC工法与明挖法、暗挖法、型钢混凝土、地面预制装配式结构等技术进行结合应用研究,得出在特定的工程条件下,CC工法也具有与其他先进工法结合应用的价值。     

浅埋小间距矩形顶管掘进姿态控制技术探讨

为解决采用结构分割转换工法（CC工法）建造的某地下停车场小间距隧道群矩形顶管施工中顶管机出现栽头及掘进姿态控制困难的问题,结合项目施工过程的姿态监控数据,对产生栽头及姿态偏差的原因进行理论分析,提出相应的控制技术,并采取现场试验的方法进行效果验证。结果表明： 1）顶管机栽头现象的原因主要有顶管机体重心偏差、漏浆、姿态预留不够、后靠不稳; 2）通过设备和管节定位处理、洞门密封处理、增加始发姿态预留量、后靠稳定性控制等措施可有效防止顶管机栽头; 3）始发阶段采取洞门预留、破除等控制措施,掘进阶段控制掘进速度并辅以“E”型导向槽进行轴线控制等措施,可有效控制顶管机顶进姿态; 4）通过采取调整铰接油缸行程差、主推油缸行程差及姿态偏差方向的土压等姿态纠偏技术措施,取得了良好的施工效果。     

Direct formulation and algorithms for the probit-based stochastic user equilibrium traffic assignment problem

This paper proposes simple and direct formulation and algorithms for the probit-based stochastic user equilibrium traffic assignment problem. It is only necessary to account for random variables independent of link flows by performing a simple transformation of the perceived link travel time with a normal distribution. At every iteration of a Monte-Carlo simulation procedure, the values of the random variables are sampled based on their probability distributions, and then a regular deterministic user equilibrium assignment is carried out to produce link flows. The link flows produced at each iteration of the Monte-Carlo simulation are averaged to yield the final flow pattern. Two test networks demonstrate that the proposed algorithms and the traditional algorithm (the Method of Successive Averages) produce similar results and that the proposed algorithms can be extended to the computation of the case in which the random error term depends on measured travel time.     

全海深双球连接耐压舱的结构设计探索

钛合金耐压球壳被广泛地应用于大深度载人潜水器.但是,由于受到材料强度的限制,若采用成熟的Ti-6Al-4VELI来设计3人型的全海深载人舱,其壁厚将超出很多国家的现有制造能力.为了解决这一矛盾,该文提出了一种新的双球连接的方案,并以中国船级社最新的强度标准作为优化约束条件,用有限元分析法对这种结构形式进行了优化设计.最后,对双球结构方案与传统单球方案作了比较.