Short/medium-term prediction for the aviation emissions in the en route airspace considering the fluctuation in air traffic demand

This paper proposes a novel short/medium-term prediction method for aviation emissions distribution in en route airspace. An en route traffic demand model characterizing both the dynamics and the fluctuation of the actual traffic demand is developed, based on which the variation and the uncertainty of the short/medium-term traffic growth are predicted. Building on the demand forecast the Boeing Fuel Flow Method 2 is applied to estimate the fuel consumption and the resulting aviation emissions in the en route airspace. Based on the traffic demand prediction and the en route emissions estimation, an aviation emissions prediction model is built, which can be used to forecast the generation of en route emissions with uncertainty limits. The developed method is applied to a real data set from Hefei Area Control Center for the en route emission prediction in the next 5 years, with time granularities of both months and years. To validate the uncertainty limits associated with the emission prediction, this paper also presents the prediction results based on future traffic demand derived from the regression model widely adopted by FAA and Eurocontrol. The analysis of the case study shows that the proposed method can characterize well the dynamics and the fluctuation of the en route emissions, thereby providing satisfactory prediction results with appropriate uncertainty limits. The prediction results show a gradual growth at an average annual rate of 7.74%, and the monthly prediction results reveal distinct fluctuation patterns in the growth.     

Assessing the Potential Impacts of Connected Vehicles: Mobility,Environmental, and Safety Perspectives

The connected vehicle is a rapidly emerging paradigm aimed at deploying and developing a fully connected transportation system that enables data exchange among vehicles, infrastructure, and mobile devices to improve mobility, enhance safety, and reduce the adverse environmental impacts of the transportation systems. This study focuses on micromodeling and quantitatively assessing the potential impacts of the connected vehicle (CV) on mobility, safety, and the environment. To assess the benefits of CVs, a modeling framework is developed based on traffic microsimulation for a real network located in the city of Toronto, Canada, to mimic communication between enabled vehicles. In this study, we examine the effects of providing real-time routing guidance and advisory warning messages to CVs. In addition, to take into account the rerouting in nonconnected vehicles (non-CVs) in response to varying sources of information such as apps, global positioning systems (GPS), variable message signs (VMS), or simply seeing the traffic back up, the impact of fraction of non-CV vehicles was also considered and evaluated. Therefore, vehicles in this model are divided into; uninformed/unfamiliar not connected (non-CV), informed/familiar but not connected (non-CV) that get updates infrequently every 5 minutes or so (non-CV), and connected vehicles that receive information more frequently (CV). The results demonstrate the potential of connected vehicles to improve mobility, enhance safety, and reduce greenhouse gas emissions (GHGs) at the network-wide level. The results also show quantitatively how the market penetration of connected vehicles proportionally affects the performance of the traffic network. While the presented results are pertinent to the specifics of the road network modeled and cannot be generalized, the quantitative figures provide researchers and practitioners with ideas of what to expect from vehicle connectivity concerning mobility, safety, and environmental improvements.     

Web开发中MD5摘要计算的应用——Struts技术实现

MD5的全称是Message-Digest Algorithm 5(信息-摘要算法),在90年代初由MIT Laboratory for Computer Science和RSA Data Security Inc的Ronald L.Rivest开发出来,经MD2、MD3和MD4发展而来。本文首先介绍了MD5算法的概念,然后阐述了Java语言的java.security包对MD5算法的支持,并基于Sun公司Java 2平台企业版(J2EE)MVC框架Struts技术,针对B/S模式毕业设计选题系统中的学生基本信息注册模块所采用的MD5摘要计算作了详细介绍。     

东风雪铁龙C2轿车TU3AF发动机控制电路

介绍东风雪铁龙C2轿车的基本车型和特点,讲述其搭载的1．4LTU3AF发动机控制电路的组成、元件的作用和工作原理,列出电路中各元件的型号与生产厂家。     

从汽车整车电气原理到2D线束的转化设计

以某SUV汽车线束设计为例,阐述了从汽车整车电气原理到2D线束转化设计的一般流程、设计原则、原材料的选取、线束保护设计以及2D线束图的绘制等。把汽车电气原理设计、3D模拟仿真设计和2D线束设计连贯起来形成同一思路,避免线束在工作和装配中出现冲突、干涉等不良现象。     

一种基于数字水印的二维条码防伪的方法

针对现有PDF417条码的数字水印嵌入和检测算法比较复杂、水印的嵌入强度不好控制以及对条码打印机和扫描仪的精度要求比较高等问题,提出了一种在PDF417条码的合适边缘嵌入盲水印信息的方法,将二维条码和数字水印技术相结合以提高PDF417二维条码的安全性和保密性.     

一种新的内燃机理论循环

对内燃机的前景作出评价 ,认为它还有数十年寿命 ,而且还有改善余地。提出一种新的内燃机理论循环 ,即刘氏循环。新的理论循环消除了氧化氮 (NOx)生成的根源 ,而且 ,取消了内燃机的进气和压缩行程 ,提高了热效率。在机构上可以沿用往复式内燃机的大部分结构 ,而且有所简化。     

血小板细胞内游离钙离子浓度与孕晚期妊高征的关系

采用荧光法测定６１ 例孕晚期妊高征患者,２０ 例同期正常孕妇产前、产后２４ ｈ 外周血血小板细胞内游离钙离子浓度、血清钙浓度及尿蛋白含量,同时以１５ 例健康非孕妇女作对照。结果发现,妊高征患者血小板细胞内游离钙离子浓度明显高于正常孕妇及非孕妇女（ Ｐ＜ ０．０１）;产后２４ｈ 妊高征患者血小板细胞内游离钙离子浓度明显低于产前,高于正常孕妇及对照组（ Ｐ＜ ０．０５）;中、重度妊高征患者血小板细胞内游离钙离子浓度与其血压及尿蛋白呈正相关（ｒ 分别为０５、０６、０９３、０９２, Ｐ＜ ００１）;妊高征患者血清钙浓度明显低于正常孕妇及健康非孕妇女（ Ｐ＜ ０．０１）。提示细胞内游离钙离子浓度与妊高征的发生与发展密切相关,可能是导致妊高征血压升高、蛋白尿形成的重要因素     

EXPRESSIONS OF P53, PROLIFERATING CELL NUCLEAR ANITIGEN, BCL-2 PROTEIN AND THEIR SIGNIFICANCE IN SALIVARY ADENOID CYSTIC CARCINOMA

Studiesonthecarcinomasshowedthatthespeedofcarcinomadevelopmentisdependentonthebalanceofcellproliferatingandapoptosis.Soitisveryimportanttostudythemechanismbywhichoncogenescontrolproliferationandapoptosisoftu-morcell.Moststudiesonsalivaryglandtumorshavelaidemphsisontheproliferatingfunctionofonco-genesathomeandabroad,andignoranteditsfunc-tiononapoptosis,especially,thestudieswerefew-.erincombiningtwokindsoffunction.Helen's[13studyonACCindicatedthatmutationofP,3doesn'tplayimportantroleincarcinog…     

CLONING AND SEQUENCING OF MATURE FRAGMENT OF HUMAN BMP4 GENE

Bone morphogenetic protein- 4(BMP- 4) is alow molecular weight glycoprotein ,classified as amorphogen.It is capable of inducing the formationof new cartilage and bone.This osteoinductiveability has led to the use of bone morphogeneticproteins as therapeutic agents for creation of newbone useful in treatment of skeletal injuries anddiseases,and in oral and maxillofacial applica-tions.Although many researchers have got the na-tive BMP from animal s demineralized bone by bio-chemical method,the…