高速列车轮轨参数对车轮踏面磨耗的影响

建立了高速列车多体动力学仿真模型和车轮踏面磨耗计算模型, 通过动力学模拟计算了轮轨接触关系和接触力, 用FASTSIM重新计算轮轨接触斑内的滑动速度、轮轨切向力和摩擦功率的分布, 采用基于摩擦功的轮轨磨耗模型计算了车轮滚过一圈时踏面上一个接触斑的磨耗质量, 再通过累积得到运行一定距离后的踏面磨耗深度。采用数值仿真方法研究了不同车轮踏面外形、轮对内侧距、轨底坡和车速对踏面磨耗深度和磨耗分布的影响。计算结果表明: LMA和S1002踏面的磨耗分布比较均匀, LM踏面的磨耗深度最大, LM和XP55踏面的磨耗区域更靠近轮缘; 在LMA踏面标准轮轨匹配参数下, 轮对内侧距增加会增加磨耗, 磨耗深度随着轨底坡减小而增大; 高速列车车轮踏面磨耗与等效锥度密切相关, 较小的等效锥度会减小磨耗, 但等效锥度的选择需要兼顾动力学性能的其他方面。     

小净距公路隧道施工力学效应研究

通过有限元数值模拟,分析了小净距公路隧道中夹岩柱的受力特性、围岩屈服接近度、锚杆轴力、二次衬砌混凝土内力特征等。研究结果表明:净距较小为B/3时,研究区中夹岩柱围岩会受到左右双洞开挖应力场重叠作用的严重影响,受力状态十分不利,屈服区也贯通中夹岩柱,中夹岩柱两侧的隧道支护衬砌结构都应有所加强;当净距为(0.85~1.5)B时,中夹岩柱受力状态受净距的影响已很小。     

交通路口可变相位信号控制

利用集合理论的一些相关知识, 研究了孤立交通路口的信号控制, 提出了孤立交通路口可变相位信号控制的方法。与传统交通路口模糊信号控制的方法相比, 可变相位信号控制的相位顺序、相位时间以及相位组合更加灵活, 更适应交通路口实时变化的交通状况, 同时可变相位信号控制能够适应不同形状交通路口的信号控制。用TSIS仿真软件仿真结果表明可变相位信号控制的效果要优于传统模糊控制, 是进行路口信号控制的一种实用和有效的算法。     

Are HOV/eco-lanes a sustainable option to reducing emissions in a medium-sized European city?

Innovative traffic management measures are needed to reduce transportation-related emissions. While in Europe, road lane management has focused mainly on introduction of bus lanes, the conversion to High Occupancy Vehicles (HOV) and eco-lanes (lanes dedicated to vehicles running on alternative fuels) has not been studied comprehensively. The objectives of this research are to: (1) Develop an integrated microscopic modeling platform calibrated with real world data to assess both traffic and emissions impacts of future Traffic Management Strategies (TMS) in an urban area; (2) Evaluate the introduction of HOV/eco-lanes in three different types of roads, freeway, arterial and urban routes, in an European medium-sized city and its effects in terms of emissions and traffic performance. The methodology consists of three distinct phases: (a) Traffic and road inventory data collection; (b) Traffic and emissions simulation using an integrated platform of microscopic simulation; and (c) Evaluation of scenarios. For the baseline scenario, the statistical analysis shows valid results. The results show that HOV and eco-lanes in a medium European city are feasible, and when the Average Occupancy of Vehicles (AOV) increases, on freeways, the majority of vehicles can reduce their travel time (2%) with a positive impact in terms of total emissions (−38% NO_x, −39% HC, −43% CO and −37% CO₂). On urban and arterial corridors, the reduction in emissions could be achieved only if the AOV increases from 1.50 to 1.70 passengers/vehicle. Total emissions of the corridor with an AOV of 1.70 passengers/vehicle can be reduced up to 35–36% for the urban route while the values can be reduced by 36–39% for the arterial road. With the introduction of Hybrid Electric Vehicles (HEV) and Electric Vehicles (EV) it is possible to reduce emissions, although the introduction of eco-lanes did not show significant reductions in emissions. When both policies are simulated together, an emissions improvement is observed for the arterial route and for two of the scenarios.     

Adapt-Traf: An adaptive multiagent road traffic management system based on hybrid ant-hierarchical fuzzy model

Usually, road networks are characterized by their great dynamics including different entities in interactions. This leads to more complex road traffic management. This paper proposes an adaptive multiagent system based on the ant colony behavior and the hierarchical fuzzy model. This system allows adjusting efficiently the road traffic according to the real-time changes in road networks by the integration of an adaptive vehicle route guidance system. The proposed system is implemented and simulated under a multiagent platform in order to discuss the improvement of the global road traffic quality in terms of time, fluidity and adaptivity.     

Scheduling of Intelligent and Autonomous Vehicles under pairing/unpairing collaboration strategy in container terminals

A new class of Intelligent and Autonomous Vehicles (IAVs) has been designed in the framework of Intelligent Transportation for Dynamic Environment (InTraDE) project funded by European Union. This type of vehicles is technologically superior to the existing Automated Guided Vehicles (AGVs), in many respects. They offer more flexibility and intelligence in maneuvering within confined spaces where the logistic operations take place. This includes the ability of pairing/unpairing enabling a pair of 1-TEU (20-foot Equivalent Unit) IAVs dynamically to join, transport containers of any size between 1-TEU and 1-FFE (40-foot Equivalent) and disjoin again. Deploying IAVs helps port operators to remain efficient in coping with the ever increasing volume of container traffic at ports and eliminate the need for deploying more 40-ft transporters in the very confined area of ports. In order to accommodate this new feature of IAVs, we review and extend one of the existing mixed integer programming models of AGV scheduling in order to minimize the makespan of operations for transporting a set of containers of different sizes between quay cranes and yard cranes. In particular, we study the case of Dublin Ferryport Terminal. In order to deal with the complexity of the scheduling model, we develop a Lagrangian relaxation-based decomposition approach equipped with a variable fixing procedure and a primal heuristics to obtain high-quality solution of instances of the problem.     

An evaluation framework for traffic calming measures in residential areas

The paper evaluates the effectiveness of various traffic calming measures from the perspectives of traffic performance and safety, and environmental and public health impacts. The proposed framework was applied to four calming measures – two types of speed humps, speed tables, and chicanes – to demonstrate its usefulness and applicability. A field experiment using probe vehicles equipped with global positioning system devices was conducted to obtain vehicle trajectory data for use in more realistic simulations. In addition, a recently developed vehicle emissions model was used for more accurate evaluation of environmental and public health impacts. The results show that chicane is better than the other types of traffic calming measures considered, except in terms of vehicle emissions.     

高速紧急转向对大客车侧翻稳定性影响的研究

为了研究大型客车驾驶员不同的紧急转向操作对客车行驶安全性所产生的影响,利用Trucksim 软件,采用仿真建模的方法,选用轮胎载荷转移率 LTR 作为分析指标,通过多组不同路面条件、行驶速度和转角幅度下的车辆动力学的仿真试验,定量地比对分析了不同的紧急转向操作对大客车侧翻稳定性的影响。仿真结果表明,在干燥路面上,行驶速度和转角幅度与客车的侧翻稳定性呈负相关,即行驶速度越高,转角幅度越大,LTR 越趋向于1。而在湿滑路面上,行驶速度和转角幅度与客车的侧滑稳定性呈负相关,即行驶速度越高,转角幅度越大,车辆越易发生侧滑。此外,客车在第2次回转时的侧翻风险性或侧滑风险性显著高于第1次紧急转向时的风险。     

高速公路直线路段突起路标间隔设置方法

基于驾驶人的视觉惰性、视觉警示频率和感觉特性, 分析了突起路标的视觉警示作用, 确定了突起路标的闪现频率, 计算与修正了突起路标的初始间隔。应用ADAMS/Car仿真软件模块, 建立了道路、车辆和突起路标模型, 将车型设置为大型车和小型车, 大型车的车速设置为60、80、100km·h^-1, 小型车的车速设置为80、100、120km·h^-1, 大型车和小型车的方向盘转角均设置为1°、3°、5°。分别对提出的12m间隔与现行规范推荐的15m间隔各进行243次仿真, 分析振动警示效果。仿真结果表明: 在12m间隔下, 平均碾压率为93.1%, 小型车和大型车对应的平均警示率分别为41.7%和5.6%;在15m间隔下, 平均碾压率为93.7%, 小型车和大型车对应的平均警示率分别为33.3%和28.9%;12、15m间隔对小型车都具有较好的振动警示效果, 15m间隔对大型车的振动警示效果更好。当高速公路夜间交通流较大或需要加大交通设施的夜间安全效果时, 可选12m间隔提供良好的视觉连续性和视觉警示效果; 考虑施工维护的方便性和经济性或者大型车比例较大时, 可选择15m间隔。