The impact of transportation demand management policies on commuting to college facilities: A case study at the University of Trieste,Italy

Universities, like other types of public and private institutions, when located in a city, have both positive and negative impacts on the area where they are situated. On the one hand, they contribute to the prestige of the area; on the other hand, they are large generators/attractors of traffic. The ability to successfully balance the pros and cons of the urban location of these large traffic-generating institutions is crucial for their success and for the livability of the city. In this paper this issue has been analyzed selecting as a representative case the University of Trieste.The aim of the research is to understand: (a) how mode choice decisions are made by the teaching and administrative staff and by the students at the various locations where academic activities take place, and (b) how they would be affected by 8 different transport management policies. It is found that changing the parking regulations (via the annual permit cost, the hourly parking fee, the number of parking spaces and the location of the parking lots) greatly influences mode choice in favor of bus use, especially for teaching and administrative staff and in the suburban locations. The students would be impacted by such changes only if an hourly parking tariff is introduced. The alternative approach of fully subsidizing the bus services would also have a large impact on bus ridership, affecting the mode choice in particular of the teaching staff and in the main university suburban sites.Since the implementation of these bus-favoring policies could face the opposition either of the university staff or of the bus company, two more balanced policy mixes were tested: the first one, increasing parking price and imposing new parking restrictions, would increase bus ridership by 19%; the second one, reducing both bus and parking subsidies, would increase bus ridership by 13%.     

Optimal dynamic parking pricing for morning commute considering expected cruising time

This paper investigates how recurrent parking demand can be managed by dynamic parking pricing and information provision in the morning commute. Travelers are aware of time-varying pricing information and time-varying expected occupancy, through either their day-to-day experience or online information provision, to make their recurrent parking choices. We first formulate the parking choices under the User Equilibrium (UE) conditions using the Variational Inequality (VI) approach. More importantly, the System Optimal (SO) parking flow pattern and SO parking prices are also derived and solved efficiently using Linear Programming. Under SO, any two parking clusters cannot be used at the same time by travelers between more than one Origin–Destination (O–D) pairs. The SO parking flow pattern is not unique, which offers sufficient flexibility for operators to achieve different management objectives while keeping the flow pattern optimal. We show that any optimal flow pattern can be achieved by charging parking prices in each area that only depend on the time or occupancy, regardless of origins and destinations of users of this area. In the two numerical experiments, the best system performance is usually achieved by pricing the more preferred (convenient) area such that it is used up to a terminal occupancy of around 85–95%. Optimal pricing essentially balances the parking congestion (namely cruising time) and the level of convenience.     

停车诱导系统的信息处理

本文对停车诱导系统的信息处理实施方案和技术进行了探讨,提出了行程时间内的车位变化处理方法,不仅为停车诱导系统建设提供方法参考,也为停车诱导系统的未来实施技术研究确定方向.     

苏州市轨道交通天鹅荡停车场站场方案研究

文章结合苏州轨道交通4号线支线及天鹅荡停车场工程概况,阐述了停车场站场设计技术要求及设计原则,并提出了停车场总平面布置的两个方案,并对方案的优缺点进行分析、比较,同时对工程设计过程中存在的问题进行了探讨。     

Modelling demand in restricted parking zones

Multiple linear regression (MLR) and geographically weighted regression (GWR) models are used for estimating parking demand in areas with paid short stay parking systems. These models have been applied to the city of Santander (Cantabria, Spain) to check their goodness of fit and their predictive ability. The results show the main advantages and disadvantages of using GWR models. The technique proved to be useful in this case study because it offered a better fit and made better predictions in a scenario showing a certain degree of spatial heterogeneity unexplained by any of the variables introduced into the global model. However, the GWR model also presented situations of local correlation although this was considered moderate given the results provided by the variance inflation factors and the local condition indexes.     

公交可达性水平分析方法在城市静态交通规划中的应用

近年来我国大城市机动车保有量增长迅速,城市交通面临严峻考验,动静态交通之问的矛盾以及“停车难”等问题日益突出,但一直以来静态交通规划均以满足停车需求为主,缺乏考虑与公共交通等方面的联系.本文对公交可达性水平分析方法在城市静态交通规划中的应用进行了具体介绍,该方法将静态交通和动态交通、公共交通和个体交通、交通设施和交通管...     

盘式制动器在轿车后轮上的应用

为更好地提高汽车产品的市场竞争力,汽车安全性能成为竞争焦点。文章介绍了盘式制动器与传统鼓式制动器相比较后的优点、后轮用盘式制动器的类型特点及传统的盘式制动器与具有驻车功能的盘式制动器的区别。说明具有驻车制动功能的盘式制动器能为现代轿车和商务车提供安全可靠的制动性能。盘式制动器已经在国内外许多品牌轿车上得到了广泛的应用。     

Integrating parking behaviour in activity-based travel demand modelling: Investigation of the relationship between parking type choice and activity scheduling process

Traditionally, the parking choice/option is considered to be an important factor in only in the mode choice component of a four-stage travel demand modelling system. However, travel demand modelling has been undergoing a paradigm shift from the traditional trip-based approach to an activity-based approach. The activity-based approach is intended to capture the influences of different policy variables at various stages of activity-travel decision making processes. Parking is a key policy variable that captures land use and transportation interactions in urban areas. It is important that the influences of parking choice on activity scheduling behaviour be identified fully. This paper investigates this issue using a sample data set collected in Montreal, Canada. Parking type choice and activity scheduling decision (start time choice) are modelled jointly in order to identify the effects of parking type choice on activity scheduling behaviour. Empirical investigation gives strong evidence that parking type choice influences activity scheduling process. The empirical findings of this investigation challenge the validity of the traditional conception which considers parking choice as exogenous variable only in the mode choice component of travel demand models.     

驻车制动力的检验方法分析

根据全国农用运输车统检的统计资料，以及车辆在上，下坡路面上驻车状态的受力分析，认为反力式制动试验台只具有单晌拖动能力，当以瓜力式制动试验台进行出厂检验和安全性能检测时，造成相反方向，驻车制动性能的全面漏检。     

我国大中城市机动车停放设施研究

车辆停放问题越来越受到大中城市交通主管部门和市民的关注,在分析目前我国城市机动车停放设施现状的基础上,结合国内外实践经验,提出修建立体式停车场是解决未来城市停车难问题的最佳途径。