The price of uncertainty in pavement infrastructure management planning: An integer programming approach

Currently there is a true dichotomy in the pavement maintenance and rehabilitation (M&R) literature. On the one hand, there are integer programming-based models that assume that parameters are deterministically known. On the other extreme, there are stochastic models, with the most popular class being based on the theory of Markov decision processes that are able to account for various sources of uncertainties observed in the real-world. In this paper, we present an integer programming-based alternative to account for these uncertainties. A critical feature of the proposed models is that they provide – a priori – probabilistic guarantees that the prescribed M&R decisions would result in pavement condition scores that are above their critical service levels, using minimal assumptions regarding the sources of uncertainty. By construction of the models, we can easily determine the additional budget requirements when additional sources of uncertainty are considered, starting from a fully deterministic model. We have coined this additional budget requirement the price of uncertainty to distinguish from previous related work where additional budget requirements were studied due to parameter uncertainties in stochastic models. A numerical case study presents valuable insights into the price of uncertainty and shows that it can be large.     

某石拱小桥裂缝原因分析及加固处理措施

结合工程实例,对由于地基不均匀沉降引起拱桥出现裂缝采取的加固施工措施进行了总结,便于指导以后施工并防止类似问题发生。     

水泥-乳化沥青混凝土研究与应用

研究了水泥乳化沥青混凝土的各项路用性能及其主要影响因素,并结合实际工程对其应用情况作了分析,结果表明,水泥乳化沥青混凝土的各项路用性能指标较好,将其作为一种新兴路面材料应用于路面工程,能够得到较好的效果,同时有较大的实际推广应用价值。     

桥梁加固实施过程评价

在桥梁加固后评价中对实施过程的评价是通过对加固项目前期工作及实施过程中各个环节的工作实绩的定性描述来进行的,以便找出影响加固效果的实施环节和各种因素,积累经验教训。应用时可根据桥梁加固项目的实际情况,选取部分或全部内容进行分析评价。     

刚架拱桥的加固及施工方案探讨

通过对徐州市贾汪区省道252线塔山桥的现场调查,并进行静动载实验,分析该桥病害产生的成因,提出合理的加固方案及相应的施工方法,可为加固同类旧桥提供参考。     

浅谈高速公路路面施工安全管理方法

文章通过分析当前高速公路路面施工安全状况,划分高速公路路面施工危险区域,找出存在的危险控制点,确定项目重大危险源。同时针对项目施工主要危险区域及危险控制点,提出了高速公路路面现场施工安全管理方法。     

预应力钢板箍与CFRP复合加固RC墩柱轴压性能试验研究

提出一种新型的采用预应力钢板箍(PSJ)和碳纤维布(CFRP)复合加固钢筋混凝土(RC)墩柱加固方法(简称PSJ-CFRP)。为验证该新型加固技术的可行性和有效性,进行了8个足尺圆形墩柱轴压性能试验,研究参数包括不同加固方法(PSJ、CFRP和PSJ-CFRP)、钢板箍预应力水平、PSJ与CFRP加固配箍特征值等,比较分析采用不同加固方式加固试件的加固效果、破坏形态和承载力等,研究了PSJ-CFRP复合加固RC墩柱的受压机理,钢板箍预应力度、PSJ与CFRP加固配箍特征值等关键参数对试件轴压性能的影响和规律。试验结果验证了PSJ-CFRP复合加固技术的有效性,CFRP与钢板箍协同工作、优势互补,既提高了试件的承载能力,又改善了试件的变形性能,加固试件呈现延性破坏特征。采用CFRP加固的试件,试件的承载能力得到提高,但变形能力降低,呈现脆性的破坏特征。在相同加固配箍特征值下,减小加固箍板净间距能取得更好的加固效果。在试验和理论分析的基础上,提出了PSJ-CFRP复合加固RC墩柱轴向受压承载力计算公式,能较好地预测加固墩柱的轴心受压承载力。     

A competing Markov model for cracking prediction on civil structures

Cracks on the surface of civil structures (e.g. pavement sections, concrete structures) progress in several formations and under different deterioration mechanisms. In monitoring practice, it is often that cracking type with its worst damage level is selected as a representative condition state, while other cracking types and their damage levels are neglected in records, remaining as hidden information. Therefore, the practice in monitoring has a potential to conceal with a bias selection process, which possibly result in not optimal intervention strategies. In overcoming these problems, our paper presents a non-homogeneous Markov hazard model, with competing hazard rates. Cracking condition states are classified in three types (longitudinal crack, horizontal crack, and alligator crack), with three respective damage levels. The dynamic selection of cracking condition states are undergone a competing process of cracking types and damage levels. We apply a numerical solution using Bayesian estimation and Markov Chain Monte Carlo method to solve the problem of high-order integration of complete likelihood function. An empirical study on a data-set of Japanese pavement system is presented to demonstrate the applicability and contribution of the model.     

强夯法在我国的发展及应用

强夯法地基加固技术因具有众多优点而在国内外获得了广泛的应用.通过对强夯法在我国应用发展的回顾,分析了强夯法的应用和研究现状,然后根据其目前存在的问题,提出未来的研究重点.     

表面强化后的柴油机汽缸套/活塞环配副性试验分析

为提高柴油机汽缸套/活塞环摩擦副的耐磨减摩性能,延长其使用寿命,文中对经表面强化后的汽缸套、活塞环进行配副,组成9对摩擦副,通过试验,分析比较各摩擦副的摩擦系数、磨痕宽度、失重3个参数,得出最佳配副性组合为:气环镀CrTiAlN/缸套激光淬火+渗硫.