基于中国人体形特征的行人假人缩放方法

结合中国人体形特征和假人缩放方面的研究成果,提出了基于受害人体形特征的行人数字仿真假人快速定制方法。该方法通过交互式程序,只需输入受害人的身高和人体质量信息,就可以快速生成多刚体假人模型。文中还以一起真实的事故案例为例,研究了假人体形参数对仿真结果的影响,结果显示假人体形参数对事故再现结果的影响不容忽略,尤其是要注意假人的几何尺寸方面,而对于人体质量误差的要求则可适当放宽。     

新建地铁车站近距离穿越既有地铁隧道的变形控制

以机场线东直门站上跨下穿既有地铁13号线东直门站站后折返线工程为背景,研究新建地铁车站近距离穿越既有地铁隧道时既有地铁结构变形控制的标准及技术。施工前对既有地铁结构进行检测加固。根据检测评估、模拟计算和安全检算等结果制定既有地铁结构变形控制标准,并将沉降控制值按关键施工工序进行分解。施工过程中,采用加垫方法和PLC液压同步控制顶升技术等主动控制沉降。监测数据表明:隧道结构与轨道结构保持密贴;线路的轨距、水平、变形缝开合度均未超出控制值;开挖中导洞阶段及盖挖法施作下穿结构边墙和底板阶段既有地铁结构沉降占总沉降的50%左右,是施工控制的关键阶段;变形缝差异沉降超出控制值,是施工控制的重点位置;变形缝附近沉降、差异沉降等受环境温度影响较大,是监控的重点区域。     

A hybrid simulation-assignment modeling framework for crowd dynamics in large-scale pedestrian facilities

This paper presents a hybrid simulation-assignment modeling framework for studying crowd dynamics in large-scale pedestrian facilities. The proposed modeling framework judiciously manages the trade-off between ability to accurately capture congestion phenomena resulting from the pedestrians’ collective behavior and scalability to model large facilities. We present a novel modeling framework that integrates a dynamic simulation-assignment logic with a hybrid (two-layer or bi-resolution) representation of the facility. The top layer consists of a network representation of the facility, which enables modeling the pedestrians’ route planning decisions while performing their activities. The bottom layer consists of a high resolution Cellular Automata (CA) system for all open spaces, which enables modeling the pedestrians’ local maneuvers and movement decisions at a high level of detail. The model is applied to simulate the crowd dynamics in the ground floor of Al-Haram Al-Sharif Mosque in the City of Mecca, Saudi Arabia during the pilgrimage season. The analysis illustrates the model’s capability in accurately representing the observed congestion phenomena in the facility.     

Data-driven spatio-temporal discretization for pedestrian flow characterization

We propose a novel approach to pedestrian flow characterization. The definitions of density, flow and velocity existing in the literature are extended through a data-driven spatio-temporal discretization framework. The framework is based on three-dimensional Voronoi diagrams. Synthetic data is used to empirically investigate the performance of the approach and to illustrate its advantages. Our approach outperforms the considered approaches from the literature in terms of the robustness with respect to the simulation noise and with respect to the sampling frequency. Additionally, the proposed approach is by design (i) independent from an arbitrarily chosen discretization; (ii) appropriate for the multidirectional composition of pedestrian traffic; (iii) able to reflect the heterogeneity of the pedestrian population; and (iv) applicable to pedestrian trajectories described either analytically or as a sample of points.     

交通灯控制下基于元胞自动机的行人过街模型研究

本文提出了一种交通灯控制下的基于元胞自动机的行人过街穿越模型,该模型由行人元胞子模型、机动车元胞子模型及相互作用子模型三部分组成,用于分析在带有人行横道的一维道路上,由行人与机动车构成的混和文通流的特性。该模型着重考虑了行人的行为特性,在考虑诸多实际影响因素的情况下,研究了行人的产生概率,行人不遵守交通规则的概率、行人群效应等对于车流量、行人流量和等待时间的影响,并据此提出混和交通流情况下城市交通管理方案,以保证行人安全,提高通行效率,减少城市拥堵。     

Effects of built environment on walking at the neighbourhood scale. A new role for street networks by modelling their configurational accessibility?

The hypothesis of this paper is that some features of the built environment, particularly those concerned with the accessibility of the street network, could be associated with the proportion of pedestrians on all trips (modal split) found in different parts of a city. Quantitative analysis (bi-variate correlation and a multiple regression model) was used to establish the association between variables. The study area covered a substantial part of the metropolitan area in Madrid, Spain. Results showed a consistent influence of five particular indexes in the multi-variate model. Not surprisingly for this kind of research, four of them described density and mix of land uses. But perhaps more interestingly, the first one was a measure of the accessibility of the public space network, a less prominent variable in literature to date. This variable is called herein configurational accessibility, calculated using Space Syntax, an urban morphology theory. The relevance of configurational accessibility is probably related to its surprising ability to synthesize global and perceived properties of street networks at the same time. The findings introduce the idea that the configuration of the urban grid can influence the proportion of pedestrians (as a part of total trips in any transport mode) who choose to walk on single-journey trips. The discussion links with the current debate about walkability indexes and the need of empirical support for the chosen variables and also with transport planning. Because the relevance of the street network’s role is not so easy to grasp, inputs from configurational theory and the pedestrian potential underlying this fact are also discussed at the end of the paper.