论斜拉桥斜拉索张拉施工过程中的现场量测

结合太子河景观路独塔斜拉桥斜拉索施工过程中的现场量测工作,重点介绍了索力测试、主梁变形监测、塔顶变位测量、主梁与塔柱应变测量等,为类似工程提供参考。     

Experimental numerical and analytical analysis of the penetration of a scaled double-hull tanker side structure

The paper presents experimental, numerical and analytical analyses of a small-scale double-hull structure quasi-statically punched at the mid-span by a rigid flat edge indenter, to examine its energy-absorbing mechanism and fracture. The present study aims to further validate the numerical analysis procedure and the analytical method of individual stiffened panels and web girders against the experiment of the double-hull structure. The specimen, scaled from a tanker's double side structure, includes three spans between the web frames and two spans between the stringers. The paper provides practical information to estimate the extent of structural damage within ship sides during collision accidents. The experimentally obtained force-displacement response and deformation shape show a good agreement with the simulations performed by the explicit LS-DYNA finite element solver. The analysis of the double-hull structure demonstrates the accuracy of the procedure for identifying standard inputs used in numerical codes, in particular the definition of material plastic hardening and the calibration of the critical failure strain by tensile test simulation. The experimental and numerical results are used to validate the analytical method proposed in previous investigations at the plastic deformation stage and a revised semi-analytical method is proposed in the present study for the large penetration stage.     

汽车前盖烘烤变形问题分析及解决方案

文章介绍影响前盖烘烤变形问题产生的原因。通过仿真模拟、现场数据收集、实车验证等方式,总结了几种解决前盖烘烤变形问题的方法。在项目中进行了验证,能够有效地降低前盖烘烤变形量,减少后续匹配调整工作量,为后续新车型项目类似问题提供参考和指导。     

溶洞隧道的超前预报与治理措施分析

溶洞是修建隧道时经常遇到的病害,设计隧道时可以通过地勘资料尽量避开大的溶洞区域,以降低溶洞对隧道施工及后期运营的不利影响。为满足道路等级和线形的要求,以及通过大面积无法避免的溶洞地区时,修建的隧道一定需要穿越溶洞,以广乐高速中山顶隧道为依托工程,从超前地质预报、溶洞处理方案、施工监测三个方面进行探讨,通过几种技术手段的综合运用取得良好的经济和社会效益。     

谈高速铁路黄土隧道CRD法施工中的几个问题

为了研究长段落大断面黄土隧道CRD法开挖安全问题,依托郑州至西安高速铁路工程实例,开展地表及初期支护沉降量测,临时支护内力及拆除临时支护过程的沉降、内力变化测试分析。研究结果表明:CRD法能保证大断面黄土隧道的开挖安全;砂质黄土浅埋段地表沉降值多在20cm以上;临时竖撑横向摆幅达9.8cm;逐榀拆除临时支护时拱部下沉2mm,拆除范围大于1倍隧道开挖宽度时,拱部下沉增长显著,达到拆除前下沉量的40%。研究结论:设计中应加强临时横竖撑刚度;相比三台阶法,CRD法不利于仰拱尽快封闭而控制最终沉降,地表沉降控制效果不明显;控制拆撑长度。     

新建地铁车站近距离穿越既有地铁隧道的变形控制

以机场线东直门站上跨下穿既有地铁13号线东直门站站后折返线工程为背景,研究新建地铁车站近距离穿越既有地铁隧道时既有地铁结构变形控制的标准及技术。施工前对既有地铁结构进行检测加固。根据检测评估、模拟计算和安全检算等结果制定既有地铁结构变形控制标准,并将沉降控制值按关键施工工序进行分解。施工过程中,采用加垫方法和PLC液压同步控制顶升技术等主动控制沉降。监测数据表明:隧道结构与轨道结构保持密贴;线路的轨距、水平、变形缝开合度均未超出控制值;开挖中导洞阶段及盖挖法施作下穿结构边墙和底板阶段既有地铁结构沉降占总沉降的50%左右,是施工控制的关键阶段;变形缝差异沉降超出控制值,是施工控制的重点位置;变形缝附近沉降、差异沉降等受环境温度影响较大,是监控的重点区域。     

体外预应力的施工方法

介绍了简支结构变连续体系在墩顶处施加纵向体外预应力的施工方法。     

Application of plastic framing requirements for polar ships

A new International Association of Classification Societies (ICAS) standard for Polar Ship design, in the form of a Unified Requirement is being developed by an international committee with representatives from many classification societies and with the active participation of many polar nations. The framing structural requirements have been developed by a combination of analysis of existing rules and ships, finite element analysis and analytical solutions of plastic collapse mechanisms. This paper describes the use of the rule formulae in designs. The formulae contain interactions between shear and bending and give the designer options and flexibility in satisfying the strength requirements. Effective design requires knowledge of the effects, and the possible approaches to reach a satisfactory design.     

潜艇纵骨式全实肋板耐压液舱壳板强度计算方法研究

本文把纵骨式实肋板耐压液舱和对应的耐压船体看成一弹性体,在求解实肋板传递系数的基础上,研究了液舱壳板的强度计算方法。处理时根据壳板尺寸和所受载荷情形确定了相应的壳板边界条件和计算公式,公式中考虑了壳板膜应力的影响。     

新近系泥岩隧道初期支护受力特性研究

富水区泥岩隧道开挖后经常出现支护结构大变形乃至开裂现象,影响隧道的施工和长期运营安全。为掌握新近系泥岩隧道支护结构和围岩的变形动态,开展相应的室内试验与现场监控量测以及数值模拟。采用室内试验方法获得泥岩的物理力学参数;通过现场监测方法得到围岩压力、钢拱架应变;采用数值模拟的方法获得泥岩软化前、后拱顶及拱脚沉降量、围岩压力、径向位移值的大小。研究结果表明:泥岩呈弱崩解性,且具有一定膨胀性,是导致围岩变形持续时间较长的主要原因;多数测点钢拱架弯曲,导致初期支护承载力不足,进而引起初衬混凝土掉块脱落;泥岩软化后,隧道同一位置处拱顶、拱脚沉降量、围岩压力、径向位移值均远大于泥岩软化前的数值,泥岩遇水软化是导致隧道支护结构产生大变形的原因之一。研究方法和结论对新近系泥岩隧道的设计和施工有一定的参考价值。