汽车发动机气道内的流动模拟计算

本文介绍了汽车发动机气道内三维定常可压缩流动数值模拟的模型、算法及算例。为达到能定量分析并应用于实际设计的目的,提出了一种新的计算网格划分法,并开发了计算软件,对提高计算精度、加速收敛等关键问题进行了探索。     

Greenhouse gas emissions from ships in ports – Case studies in four continents

Emissions of GHG from the transport sector and how to reduce them are major challenges for policy makers. The purpose of this paper is to analyse the level of greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions from ships while in port based on annual data from Port of Gothenburg, Port of Long Beach, Port of Osaka and Sydney Ports. Port call statistics including IMO number, ship name, berth number and time spent at berth for each ship call, were provided by each participating port. The IMO numbers were used to match each port call to ship specifications from the IHS database Sea-web. All data were analysed with a model developed by the IVL Swedish Environmental Research Institute for the purpose of quantifying GHG emissions (as CO₂-equivalent) from ships in the port area. Emissions from five operational modes are summed in order to account for ship operations in the different traffic areas. The model estimates total GHG emissions of 150,000, 240,000, 97,000, and 95,000 tonnes CO₂ equivalents per year for Gothenburg, Long Beach, Osaka, and Sydney, respectively. Four important emission-reduction measures are discussed: reduced speed in fairway channels, on-shore power supply, reduced turnaround time at berth and alternative fuels. It is argued that the potential to reduce emissions in a port area depends on how often a ship revisits a port: there it in general is easier to implement measures for high-frequent liners. Ships that call 10 times or less contribute significantly to emissions in all ports.     

Experimental evaluation of Heavy Duty Vehicle speed patterns in urban and port areas and estimation of their fuel consumption and exhaust emissions

Exhaust emissions and fuel consumption of Heavy Duty Vehicles (HDVs) in urban and port areas were evaluated through a dedicated investigation. The HDV fleet composition and traffic driving from highways to the maritime port of Genoa and crossing the city were analysed. Typical urban trips linking highway exits to port gates and HDV mission profiles within the port area were defined. A validation was performed through on-board instrumentation to record HDV instantaneous speeds in urban and port zones. A statistical procedure enabled the building-up of representative speed patterns. High contrasts and specific driving conditions were observed in the port area. Representative speed profiles were then used to simulate fuel consumption and emissions for HDVs, using the Passenger car and Heavy duty Emission Model (PHEM). Complementary estimations were derived from Copert and HBEFA methodologies, allowing the comparison of different calculation approaches and scales. Finally, PHEM was implemented to assess the performances of EGR or SCR systems for NO_X reduction in urban driving and at very low speeds.The method and results of the investigation are presented. Fuel consumption and pollutant emission estimation through different methodologies are discussed, as well as the necessity of characterizing very local driving conditions for appropriate assessment.     

珠三角科技型小微企业协同创新网络的构建

珠三角地区作为我国重要的城市群之一,拥有众多的小微企业,这些企业的发展模式受到大家重视和关注。文中首先分析了珠三角科技型小微企业协同创新存在的问题,提出协同创新网络的构建是解决当前一些问题的有效措施;其次,在协同创新网络的构建中,分析了构建的主体要素、构建的模式、构建的过程和具体的构建框架;最后分析了构建后的协同创新网络的特征。     

锦州龙栖湾港区规划水动力泥沙数学模型研究

根据实测水文资料建立锦州龙栖湾港区工程附近海域的潮流泥沙数学模型,对3个规划方案共6种工况进行研究。研究成果表明,对部分海域进行围填,局部流场变化较大,但流速变化超过0.1 m/s的范围较小。各方案航道内淤强差别较大,不同规划方案港池及航道年淤积量在114万耀297万m3之间。综合考虑认为规划方案三更适合港区发展需要。     

浅谈施工企业如何应对低价中标

本文从施工企业的角度出发,针对目前深圳市建设工程招投标市场中出现的采用低价中标的评标方法,从施工企业定额、不平衡报价、责任分解和施工企业成本管理方面详细阐述了施工企业应对低价中标的四种措施,实践证明,这些措施是行之有效的.     

民营物流企业员工结构化培训的新模式与实践

论文分析了民营物流企业员工培训的现状,论述了民营物流企业进行员工培训的积极意义.提出了民营物流企业员工培训的四个差异化特征,基于上述的差异化特征,提出了民营物流企业员工结构培训新模式.该模式包括培训需求分析结构化、培训内容体系结构化、培训运作体系结构化、培训评估体系结构化等四大模块,同时论述了培训的动态管理.论文结合H物流公司的实际运作分析了培训结构化新模式在民营企业物流公司中的运用,对我国民营物流企业的员工培训开展具有一定的指导意义.     

基于供应链的汽车制造业物流一体化研究

从物流一体化的原因和目标出发,分析中国汽车制造业物流发展的现状,提出了实施物流一体化的几项方面,即首先从思想上重视物流一体化,改变传统的物流观;重构业务流程,为企业实施物流一体化打下基础;充分利用第三方物流和建立物流信息系统。     

施工企业成本管理存在的问题及对策

随着我国市场经济的不断发展,竞争机制已渗透到公路行业,如何降低施工企业工程成本,提高企业经济效益成为当务之急。文中结合施工企业的实际,就成本管理的问题及对策进行分析与探讨。     

基于港口发展需求的重点配套锚地建设方案

随着我国沿海港口不断发展,码头泊位数量不断增长,港口配套设施的锚地资源日益紧缺。基于台州港头门港区雀儿岙作业区港口开发的需求,通过假定泊位利用率的方式,估算到港船舶数量的概率分布特征及所需的锚位数量,对重点配套的小型危险品锚地建设方案进行研究。结合底质、交通流、风浪流影响、水深和掩护条件等方面分析,提出2种小型危险品锚地布置方案,并从船舶靠离航程、锚泊环境、与规划衔接角度等因素综合考虑,给出推荐的锚地布置方案,为雀儿岙作业区港口发展建设提供了有力保障。