基于系统工程的春运摩托车返乡潮现象的交通事故机理分析

春运摩托车返乡潮是我国近几年出现的独特新现象,其交通事故频发的状况引起了社会的高度关注。针对此问题,采用交通系统工程的分析方法,构建了摩托车交通安全系统的基本要素及其相互关系模型图,以有关的文献报道和调查资料为基础,从人、车、路、环境和管理等方面归纳分析了恶劣天气型、疲劳行车型、黑夜行车型、路况不熟型、路况不良型及骑车技能不佳型等6种类型摩托车交通事故的机理。最后分别给公路管理部门、交警部门及政府提出了对策建议。     

海中洲隧道扩建中原隧道塌方的处理技术

目前国内尚无相应的基于改建或扩建既有老隧道的设计规范和规程作为设计方案之依据,在改扩建过程中如何制定合理、可靠的设计方案和施工方案,以海中洲城市隧道扩建过程为例,通过对原塌方区情况调查分析、研究,提出地表注浆锚杆加固、塌腔处理、塌腔回填等综合整治措施。总结出以下结论:1)对于老隧道改扩建工程,首先应熟悉老隧道情况,其次通过多种手段做详细的地质勘察,为系统性设计方案提供充分的依据;2)对于波及地表的土质浅埋隧道塌方处理,应综合考虑各种因素及相互关系,采用全面系统的整治方案;3)"稳固既有坍塌面,快速处理封闭成环"是防止原塌方规模进一步扩大的关键,对塌腔壁采用喷、网、锚、撑综合加固是行之有效的方法。     

A fundamental investigation of tilt control systems for narrow commuter vehicles

One way of addressing traffic congestion is by efficiently utilizing the existing highway infrastructure. Narrow tilting vehicles that need a reduced width lane can be part of the solution if they can be designed to be safe, stable, and easy to operate. In this paper, a control system that stabilizes the tilt mode of such a vehicle without affecting the handling of the vehicle is proposed. This control system is a combination of two different types of control schemes known as steering tilt control (STC) and direct tilt control (DTC) systems. First, different existing variations of both STC and DTC systems are considered and their shortcomings analysed. Modified control schemes are then suggested to overcome the deficiencies. Then a new method of integrating these two control schemes that guarantees smooth switchover between the controllers as a function of vehicle velocity is proposed. The performance of the proposed STC, DTC, and integrated systems is evaluated by carrying out simulations for different operating conditions and some experimental work. The design of a second-generation narrow tilting vehicle on which the developed control system has been implemented is presented.     

悬臂浇筑法在国外大跨度混凝土拱桥施工中的应用发展

介绍近年来国外几座大跨度拱桥悬臂浇筑施工的情况,它们各具特点、各有创新,其所采用的先进的设计理念、施工和监控技术对我国今后采用悬臂浇筑法修建拱桥提供了很好的参考价值。     

A fundamental investigation of tilt control systems for narrow commuter vehicles

One way of addressing traffic congestion is by efficiently utilizing the existing highway infrastructure. Narrow tilting vehicles that need a reduced width lane can be part of the solution if they can be designed to be safe, stable, and easy to operate. In this paper, a control system that stabilizes the tilt mode of such a vehicle without affecting the handling of the vehicle is proposed. This control system is a combination of two different types of control schemes known as steering tilt control (STC) and direct tilt control (DTC) systems. First, different existing variations of both STC and DTC systems are considered and their shortcomings analysed. Modified control schemes are then suggested to overcome the deficiencies. Then a new method of integrating these two control schemes that guarantees smooth switchover between the controllers as a function of vehicle velocity is proposed. The performance of the proposed STC, DTC, and integrated systems is evaluated by carrying out simulations for different operating conditions and some experimental work. The design of a second-generation narrow tilting vehicle on which the developed control system has been implemented is presented.     

两种5孔喷油嘴的CFD计算及试验研究

应用AVL FIRE软件,对5孔喷油器采用液体挤压研磨前后状态进行了三维流动计算。并在CA498柴油机上进行了5孔挤压研磨喷油嘴的对比试验研究,试验结果表明,挤压研磨喷油器在满足排放的前提下,改善了经济性指标。     

水泥路面板高温隆起的力学机理分析

为了避免或延缓水泥路面板在夏季产生高温隆起现象,从力学机理的角度,探讨了水泥路面板在夏季高温隆起的原因,并举例计算水泥路面板板顶与板底全年最大的应力差及水泥路面板压曲临界应力。结果表明,仅从强度的角度来看,如胀缝设置不当,则旧水泥路面板在夏季都是危险的;如果胀缝功能得不到保证,厚度26 cm左右的水泥路面板,在夏季出现隆起的临界板长约为85 m。因此,建议在南方地区,对于4级及4级以下公路(特别是低造价的农村公路)广泛采用的素混凝土或低配筋混凝土路面,胀缝按80 m间距来设置是适宜的。     

隧道硬岩掘进经济成本对比分析

目前国内山岭隧道多数采用人工开挖,机械化、自动化水平低,不能满足隧道快速施工的要求。结合某隧道施工实践,介绍了人工开挖和双台车开挖机械设备配套、光面爆破技术,统计隧道开挖各工序的消耗时间,预估单台车开挖的时间消耗,并以此为基础详细分析、计算了各自施工成本组成,得出了台车开挖施工成本低,节约循环时间,更有利于快速掘进的结论。     

施工企业工程项目材料供应链管理

施工企业工程项目材料供应链管理直接影响工程项目的材料成本,从供应链管理的基本思想出发,阐述供应链管理的3种基本观点及项目材料供应链各环节管理的原则、供应链管理采取的相关措施等。     

基于雨水资源化利用的城市排水系统优化设计

为解决城市日益突出的水资源危机以及现有雨洪排水系统所导致的城市水涝、城市生态环境恶化等一系列严重环境问题,提出了基于雨水资源化利用的城市雨洪排水系统优化设计方法,采取相应的工程措施,将汛期雨水“先就地利用,后排出,再蓄积调节利用”。该方法可以达到节约城市生活饮用水资源并减轻防洪压力的目的。