工程建设采用作业成本法控制项目成本探讨

作业成本法是现代成本管理中控制项目成本的一种新方法,将其应用到工程建设中,施工企业可以合理控制施工作业成本,降低工程造价,获得较大利润.为此,此文通过对作业成本法与传统成本管理法的比较,阐述工程建设中采用作业成本法控制项目成本的必要性,并进一步论述作业成本法控制项目成本的方法、流程和重要环节,以及具体步骤,为进一步开展其理论研究提供新思路.     

层次分析法在编组站建设项目中的应用研究

简要叙述了层次分析法的概念及应用步骤,通过一个通信项目实例,对两个实施方案进行了比选,详细说明了层次分析法的应用步骤,最后对层次分析法的应用进行了总结,并指出实际应用时需特别注意的关键因素。     

Selection bias in build-operate-transfer transportation project appraisals

Recent empirical studies have found widespread inaccuracies in traffic forecasts despite the fact that travel demand forecasting models have been significantly improved over the past few decades. We suspect that an intrinsic selection bias may exist in the competitive project appraisal process, in addition to the many other factors that contribute to inaccurate traffic forecasts. In this paper, we examine the potential for selection bias in the governmental process of Build-Operate-Transfer (BOT) transportation project appraisals. Although the simultaneous consideration of multiple criteria is typically used in practice, traffic flow estimate is usually a key criterion in these appraisals. For the purposes of this paper, we focus on the selection bias associated with the highest flow estimate criterion. We develop two approaches to quantify the level and chance of inaccuracy caused by selection bias: the expected value approach and the probability approach. The expected value approach addresses the question “to what extent is inaccuracy caused by selection bias?”. The probability approach addresses the question “what is the chance of inaccuracy due to selection bias?”. The results of this analysis confirm the existence of selection bias when a government uses the highest traffic forecast estimate as the priority criterion for BOT project selection. In addition, we offer some insights into the relationship between the extent/chance of inaccuracy and other related factors. We do not argue that selection bias is the only reason for inaccurate traffic forecasts in BOT projects; however, it does appear that it could be an intrinsic factor worthy of further attention and investigation.     

波士顿中央干线/隧道工程建设纪实及启示

针对美国波士顿中央干线/隧道工程进行概述，分析并总结该工程在项目管理、操作实务和技术运用等各个方面存在的问题以及所采取的解决措施，以期为我国类似的城市地下道路改造工程提供有益的借鉴。     

高铁公网覆盖工程采用设计施工总承包模式的探讨

为了顺利实现高铁公网覆盖工程与铁路同步开通运营,分析公网覆盖工程实施的关键点,指出特别需要解决电信建设方与铁路方沟通不畅的问题。因此可以把熟悉铁路的设计与施工方结合起来,采用设计施工总承包的工程管理模式,赋予工程总承包商相应的权利与职责,充分发挥其主观能动性来推进工程实施,以实现项目的建设目标。进而分析这种工程建设模式的可行性,并以金丽温铁路公网覆盖工程的成功案例加以说明,描述设计施工总承包商的具体管理工作。希望此种建设模式能够在高铁公网覆盖工程中加以推广。     

武汉铁路枢纽建设施工组织计划

武汉铁路枢纽地处京广通道和沪汉蓉沿江经济带的交叉点,是铁路快速路网中心之一,衔接五个方向的铁路大型枢纽。为解决武汉铁路枢纽内过江通道能力不足、客运系统现状不能适应京广客运专线和沪汉蓉快速通道引入、解编能力不足的矛盾“,十一五”期间,武汉铁路枢纽有八大工程相继开工建设,各建设项目相互交错,工期相互影响。为使各建设项目协调进行,制定全面的施工组织计划,分析控制枢纽施工的各种因素,抓住重点控制工程,是确保武汉铁路枢纽按时建成通车的关键。     

造价工程师在项目管理中的投资控制

投资控制工作的方法是否合理,直接影响到工期和质量,投资控制工作的好坏,直接影响整个项目的的管理效果,在保障工程质量和工程进度的前提下,保证工程投资不超投资计划。     

Applications of transport economics and imperfect competition

The great majority of analyses made in transport economics use, explicitly or, more often, implicitly, the common assumption of perfect competition. This is the case, for instance, when infrastructure projects are evaluated using the mere sum of the surpluses of transport users and providers. Even when putting aside the question of externalities such as noise, safety or environmental quality, the real chain of economic interactions that takes place in transport provision or downstream of transport provision is not taken into account. Surely enough, describing and simulating this chain could be quite complex. Nevertheless, it is not uninteresting to try to estimate if it does make a big difference or not to make this approximation. The paper makes such an attempt for two broad kinds of applications of transport economics:     

用现代项目管理理论控制工程总承包项目费用

0引言现代项目管理作为一门专业学科,已逐步发展成为独立的科学体系,并越来越广泛地应用于工程项目建设领域。所谓项目管理,就是以项目为对象的系统管理方法,通过一个临时性的专门的柔性组织,对项目进行计划、组织、指导和控制,以实现项目全过程的动态管理和项目目标的综合协调     

Mumbai Urban Transport Project – A multi dimensional approach to improve urban transport

This paper attempts to bring out the lessons learned from implementation of the Mumbai Urban Transport Project (MUTP), a World Bank financed project. While some of the problems and many solutions may be case specific, the lessons learnt would be of use for other similar interventions especially in similar urban settings. Even complex engineering challenges are generally easy to be surmounted, when compared with the bigger challenges like resettling the project affected peoples, managing several stake holders and institutions, bringing them together and they agreeing to do things differently.