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31.
The present study uses meta-regression in order to explain the wide variation in elasticity estimates obtained in previous demand studies, and provide summaries of several bus demand elasticities.One important finding as to the price elasticity is that the often cited rule of thumb of −0.3 holds good if quality of service represented by vehicle-kilometres is treated as an exogenous variable, but not when it is treated as endogenous.Based on the results it is recommended that demand models should include car ownership, price of petrol, own price, income and some measure of service among the explanatory variables and that the service variable should be treated as endogenous.In previous meta-studies in this field focus has been on own price elasticity only while this study also includes elasticities with respect to, level of service, income, price of petrol and car ownership. The short run for the US are found to be −0.59, 1.05, −0.62, 0.4 and −1.48 respectively. 相似文献
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This paper investigates the feasibility of a self-organizing, completely distributed traffic information system based upon vehicle-to-vehicle communication technologies. Unlike centralized traffic information systems, the proposed system does not need public infrastructure investment as a prerequisite for implementation. Due to the complexity of the proposed system, simulation is selected as the primary approach in the feasibility studies. A simulation framework is built based on an existing microscopic traffic simulation model for the simulation studies. The critical questions for building the proposed market-driven system are examined both from communication requirements and traffic engineering points of view. Traffic information propagation both in freeway and arterial networks via information exchange among IVC-equipped vehicles is tested within the simulation framework. Results on the probability of successful IVC and traffic information propagation distance obtained from the simulation studies are generated and analyzed under incident-free and incident conditions for various roadway formats and parameter combinations. Comparisons between the speed of the incident information wave and the speed of the corresponding traffic shock wave due to the incident are analyzed for different scenarios as the most crucial aspect of the information propagation as a potential foundation for application in such a decentralized traffic information system. 相似文献
34.
交通环境对交通安全的影响及对策 总被引:4,自引:1,他引:3
交通安全涉及人、车、道路及环境等诸多因素,对交通事故的成因分析表明,驾驶员的责任是主要影响因素,其次是车辆和道路因素。但不容忽视的是,目前关于交通环境对事故影响的研究尚不够充分;交通管理部门确定事故原因也主要从人、车2 因素入手,较少涉及交通环境因素。事实上,作为事故的间接原因,交通环境常常通过间接作用影响安全,亦即不良的交通环境诱发人的不安全行为,从而导致人员违章等交通事故的发生。 相似文献
35.
甄杏潮 《武汉船舶职业技术学院学报》2006,5(3):126-128
本文论述了公众人物的概念和公众人物人格权的特点,并为保障公众人物的人格权提出了相应法律对策。 相似文献
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铁路货物运输的随机过程分析和及时送达概率估计 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
应用随机过程理论,分析铁路运输系统中货物及时送达的概率分布,得到货物运输延续时间的平均值,为实现用户要求的运到期限提供了合理保证,并可通过评估与货主商定的运到期限与实际货物送达时间误差的概率,来找到货物及时送达过程中的关键环节,改进货物送达流程。最后举例说明它的应用。 相似文献
38.
Major highway reconstruction can cause significant disruptions to existing travel patterns and economic activity. Reducing these impacts on travelers, shippers, businesses and residents requires that innovative and effective transportation management actions be developed and implemented. This paper reports the major findings and recommendations of a research study on managing transportation during highway, reconstruction. The primary objectives of the study were
The recommended process consists of five chronological phases, each composed of many tasks having related focuses within the overall process. Each task is designed to contribute to the common objective of seeing that an effective transportation management plan for mitigating travel impacts throughout the project corridor is successfully realized. This process was formulated on the basis of information collected on 25 highway reconstruction projects throughout the United States by way of site visits, direct meetings with project personnel, requests for documentation, and phone interviews. 相似文献
| to investigate and document the critical interrelationships among state-of-the-art reconstruction and scheduling techniques, traffic accommodation strategies, construction quality control measures, and project planning and evaluation processes, and |
| to formulate and recommend a corridor transportation management process that can be used to develop, implement and evaluate a transportation management plan of strategies to mitigate the corridor-wide impacts of major highway reconstruction. |
39.
铁路综合数据通信网,是铁路信息化建设的基础平台,建设时首先应完善铁路基础通信网,然后从业务需求、网络结构、技术方案、网络管理、安全策略等几个方面综合考虑,合理规划,有效实现资源最大化的目标,使专用铁路信息化建设更科学、更合理。 相似文献
40.
提高人类驾驶人的接受度是自动驾驶汽车未来的重要方向,而深度强化学习是其发展的一项关键技术。为了解决人机混驾混合交通流下的换道决策问题,利用深度强化学习算法TD3(Twin Delayed Deep Deterministic Policy Gradient)实现自动驾驶汽车的自主换道行为。首先介绍基于马尔科夫决策过程的强化学习的理论框架,其次基于来自真实工况的NGSIM数据集中的驾驶数据,通过自动驾驶模拟器NGSIM-ENV搭建单向6车道、交通拥挤程度适中的仿真场景,非自动驾驶车辆按照数据集中驾驶人行车数据行驶。针对连续动作空间下的自动驾驶换道决策,采用改进的深度强化学习算法TD3构建换道模型控制自动驾驶汽车的换道驾驶行为。在所提出的TD3换道模型中,构建决策所需周围环境及自车信息的状态空间、包含受控汽车加速度和航向角的动作空间,同时综合考虑安全性、行车效率和舒适性等因素设计强化学习的奖励函数。最终在NGSIM-ENV仿真平台上,将基于TD3算法控制的自动驾驶汽车换道行为与人类驾驶人行车数据进行比较。研究结果表明:基于TD3算法控制的车辆其平均行驶速度比人类驾驶人的平均行车速度高4.8%,在安全性以及舒适性上也有一定的提升;试验结果验证了训练完成后TD3换道模型的有效性,其能够在复杂交通环境下自主实现安全、舒适、流畅的换道行为。 相似文献