简析广州大学城交通

区域的发展，离不开交通的支撑，交通问题成了影响大学城可持续发展的重要因素之一。本文简述广州大学城交通具有道路网密集、停车场存在供求矛盾等特点，并概括大学城师生表现出学生以公共交通出行为主、师生出行耗时长、换乘不便等出行特征，由此揭示大学城存在公交班次设计不尽合理、超载现象时有发生等问题，最后提出根据客流情况而适当增加班次、设置进入校园的路标指示牌、实行必要交通管制等建议与对策。     

Social marginal cost pricing and second best alternatives in partnerships for transport infrastructures

According to the economic theory, if all the first-best conditions are met, social optimality involves the prices to be set equal to social marginal costs. When it is not possible to set prices equal to social marginal costs, due to the presence of constraints within the transport sector or distortions elsewhere in the economy, the theory suggests corrections to the SMC principle (second-best alternatives). But the implementation of second best alternatives can give rise to serious problems when transferred from theory to practice. This chapter will discuss in particular the problems that might rise when investment cost are included (totally or partially) in the social marginal costs rules, and in particular when private operators are involved.     

Factors Influencing the Participation of Local Governmental Officials in the National Estuary Program

Participation by local governmental officials is not given the same attention in the literature as that of citizens, publics, technical experts, or stakeholders. Yet, local governments are often a keystone to successfully implementing and enforcing coastal management policies. Qualitative analysis of open-ended interviews with local government officials from three national estuary program applications in New England revealed factors related to nine themes that shaped decisions to participate or not. Three categories of factors help to clarify the different types of influence agencies have over local government officials' decisions about whether or not to participate: factors associated with the character of individuals, with the context, and with the process. This taxonomy helps to clarify the kinds of opportunities available to project leadership to influence local government officials toward participating in regional coastal management processes. An important finding is that project staff should listen and learn about the concerns of local government officials and then create a process that accommodates and overcomes barriers to their participation.     

Reducing the cost of peak hour transit service through contracting out service

Transit service contracting has responded to fiscal and financial woes of public transit agencies as the most uniquely attractive cost‐saving strategy at present. Most transit service contracting, however, has been in the traditional provision of entire fixed route bus service or commuter express bus service, and exclusive demand responsive service for the general public or for special disadvantaged population groups such as the elderly and/or the handicapped. This paper presents a new module in transit service contracting whereby the public and private operators jointly provide the peak service on the same route and at the same time. While the public agency provides the base demand of the service, the private provider provides the excess demand, both following the same schedules and similar service arrangements. In this paper, proposed service arrangements, costing and contracting procedures are discussed. It is also reported that substantial cost savings ranging from 32 to 57% with an average savings of 48% can be achieved if the excess peak hour bus transit service on highly peaked routes in public transit agencies is contracted to competing private operator(s).     

我国出租车行业的民营化改革

从揭示出租车行业的性质入手,系统分析了我国作为主体的出租车运营业,即北京模式的现状,并以民营化理论为基础,具体阐述了我国出租车行业民营化的路径。同时基于出租车行业作为城市公共交通一部分的公益属性,论证了政府再管制的合法性和措施。     

北京市公共汽车平均车速统计分析

通过对北京市多条公共交通路线公共汽车行驶车速的实测和统计，分析了公共汽车平均车速的影响因素，研究了平均车速的三种统计计算方法，确立加权平均车速法为最佳统计计算方法。对北京市公共汽车平均车速的在不同类型道路上分布的情况和统计分布规律进行了总结，提出北京市公共汽车平均车速分布遵循对数正态概率分布规律。为公共汽车及今后电动公共汽车车辆选型，运营方式确定及运营成本分析提供了科学依据。     

城市公共交通系统需要小型电动汽车

城市公共交通系统有快速和慢速之分,2者相辅相成,缺一不可。本文根据小型电动汽车的特点,提出了一种采用小型电动汽车作为交通工具的慢速公共交通系统,并对其运营方式及带来的社会效益作了论述。     

柳州市城市交通现状分析与对策研究

通过分析柳州市发展特点、交通设施、城市布局等方面的因素,对城市交通所面临的问题进行初步探讨.提出了通过加快路网建设、发展公交系统等措施解决交通困境问题.     

Flexible transport services: A new market opportunity for public transport

The term Demand-Responsive Transport (DRT) has been increasingly applied in the last 10 years to a niche market that replaces or feeds (usually via small low floor buses or taxis) conventional transport where demand is low and often spread over a large area. More recently, the concept of DRT as a niche market has been broadened to include a wider range of flexible, demand-responsive transport services and is increasingly referred to as Flexible Transport Services (FTSs). The contention of this paper is that well-implemented FTS has the potential to revitalise bus-based public transport services which are traditionally based on fixed networks with variable geographical coverage and levels of service.     

城市道路交通拥挤的经济对策分析——以兰州市西津东路为例

交通拥挤是我国目前社会关注的一个焦点,也是一个世界性难题。文章针对兰州西津东路的交通拥挤问题,从城市交通经济学理论出发,提出综合利月交通供给管理和交通需求管理两种经济手段来解决兰州市西津东路交通拥挤的根本问题。