Part 1. National road safety performance: Data,the emergence of two single-outcome modeling streams and public health

This first part of the state-of-the art focuses on the origins of road safety modeling, covering data, early models and the public health context of model formulation and use.     

The impact of the application of new technology on public transport service provision and the passenger experience: A focus on implementation in Australia

The emergence of Intelligent Transport Systems (ITS) has been recognised with many initiatives during the last 20 years. In Europe, the “ITS Action Plan” identifies a number of applications as key elements contributing to the efficient co-ordination of the overall transport chain. The context and experience surrounding the recent widespread development of technological tools and ICT platforms to support the emergence of ITS are notable for the way in which they permeate the transport and logistics chain. But a key question remains: to what extent is the public transport sector able to exploit the wider benefits of ITS?     

TransMilenio BRT system in Bogota,high performance and positive impact – Main results of an ex-post evaluation

The paper presents the main characteristics, costs and impacts of TransMilenio, the bus based mass transit system of Bogotá, using BRT corridors and feeder services. An ex-post cost-benefit analysis is done, including monetary valuation of direct impacts on travel time and travel cost and externalities, such as improved road safety and air quality. Impacts on crime, land values, employment and tax revenue are also presented. The results are positive and robust; nevertheless, it is important to recognize that user perception has declined and there is urgent need to introduce service improvements. The paper also includes an ex-ante evaluation of the projected expansion using current costs, which indicates the need to limit construction capital costs. The results are an indication of the potential of BRT, and the evaluation methodology is applicable to other transit projects.     

Comparisons of urban transport sustainability: Lessons from West and North Africa

The diagnosis for urban transport sustainability depends on the context of different regions worldwide. We focus in this paper on West and North Africa which reveal similarities but also structural differences which are explored further. The importance of paratransit in its various forms is strongly observed in sub-Saharan Africa and to a lesser extent in North Africa. The attempts to regulate and organise this sector have been difficult; one interesting experience in Dakar occurred during a programme of fleet renewal. In parallel it is observed that there are positive but insufficient experiences of public transport authorities in some cities (Dakar, Abidjan) and similar projects postponed in other cities because of the institutional problems. One also observes the constant difficulties of designing sustainable schemes for bus companies. An answer to this crisis has been found in North Africa, through investment in new mass transport systems. However, mass transport projects in West Africa are very weak in comparison. The gap between public transport costs and income levels there remains a major obstacle to sustainable mobility exacerbated by the poverty of a significant part of the urban population in West Africa. Two other critical factors are also identified affecting sustainable mobility requirements, namely, the urban sprawl and increasing energy costs. Finally the conclusion recommends the use of research and expertise networks in order to help the design and the implementation of suited solutions.     

体验式教学在《公共关系学》课程中的应用研究

体验式教学做为一种有效地教学模式已经被人们认可和接受。笔者在《公共关系学》课程教学中也做了尝试,积累了一定的教学经验,取得了良好的教学效果。本文从体验式教学理论依据、《公共关系学》课程体验式教学模块设计及实施、《公共关系学》课程体验式教学意义及反思等几方面进行了阐述。     

现代导轨电车与两江新区适应性研究

现代宁轨电车作为一种现代化的公共交通工具,与城市地铁、轻轨、快速公交等共同构成城市快速公共交通系统。在我国,天津滨海新区、上海浦东新区相继建成了现代导轨电车公共交通系统。在分析了现代导轨电车的特点并总结国内现代导轨电车应用与实践的基础上,结合两江新区特点,探讨了现代导轨电车与两江新区发展的适应性与发展模式。认为现代导轨电车与两江新区的有机结合对建设“畅通出行”“环境友好”的两江新区公共交通,缓解城市交通压力,丰富重庆公共交通形式,提升城市形象具有重要的意义。     

城市客运交通枢纽预警分级阈值简析

交通枢纽作为服务于公共交通之间以及公共交通与其它交通方式之间客流转换的场所,是改善整个交通系统,提高居民出行效率、解决出行换乘等问题的重要影响因素。本文结合东直门综合运输枢纽信息服务平台工程,采集枢纽客流进出量,总结客流统计规律,对东直门交通枢纽预警分级阈值进行简析,相关研究成果可为交通枢纽预警分级阈值分析提供参考。     

ICT and road transportation safety in the United States: a case of “American exceptionalism”

This paper examines American attitudes about the role and structure of government and how those attitudes affect the safety potential of ICT-based road safety technologies. It examines these attitudes in the context of 3 current intelligent transportation systems (ITS) initiatives: IntelliDrive^SM, active traffic management (ATM), and automated enforcement. It concludes that cultural attitudes have a strong influence on the acceptance of such systems, and provides suggestions for how such systems might be implemented successfully.     

基于神经网络的公交车辆行程时间预测模型研究

城市公交丰辆行程时间预测是公共交通信息服务和运营调度的重要内容,要求较高的实时性和准确性。本文以智能交通运输系统为背景,通过分析公交车辆的行驶特性,基于改进的神经网络模型,建立了公交车辆动态行程时间预测模型,并对比了三种不同输入变量方案的神经网络预测模型,表明该模型具有良好的适用性。此外,将该方法与卡尔曼滤波法的行程时间预测模型进行比较,结果表明,基于神经网络的动态行程时间预测模型精确度较高。     

城市多模式公交网络出行时间可靠性模型研究

随着城市的发展,快速轨道交通和快速公交系统逐渐融入到常规公交系统中,构成了复杂的多模式公交网络,在此公交网络环境下乘客公交出行时间的稳定可靠程度直接影响到公交系统的服务性能,因此,本文以常规公交和地铁组成的典型多模式公交网络为研究对象,利用状态增广技术,建立了换乘约束条件下的出行时间可靠性模型,从而为评价和改善多模式公交网络服务性能提供决策支持。