Does green transportation promote accessibility for equity in medium-size U.S. cites?

The link between accessibility and social equity attracts much attention for promoting sustainability. However, there is no comprehensive approach to elevate the role of accessibility in evaluating transportation system over social equity by considering the variety of urban opportunities and population groups from green transportation perspective. Our goal is to develop such a framework to evaluate transportation equity by focusing on accessibility via transit and cycling. Applying the framework to Fresno, California, and Cincinnati, Ohio with different development patterns, we delineate service areas at block-group level with five time-thresholds. The service area is used to count the number of urban opportunities: jobs, dining, churches, libraries, parks, multi-use paths, schools. We then use statistical comparison and geographical mapping to identify accessibility gap to these opportunities between advantaged and disadvantaged groups defined by income, property value, education, vehicle ownership, race, and age. The results indicate the extent of differences in accessibility is sensitive to threshold specification of grouping population. The findings suggest that the efficiency of transit service needs to be improved to reach the same level of cycling, while they do help with the accessibility for economically disadvantaged neighborhoods. Considering school enrollment, the accessibility to opportunities in Fresno performs differently while students in Cincinnati benefit from good accessibility to most resources. The results of accessibility to multi-use paths highlight the need of providing more efficient green transportation facilities for less wealthy neighborhoods. Variation in accessibility between groups underscores the importance of developing policies to meet the needs of diverse social groups.     

旅游城市的公共自行车网络规划方法研究

为了对景区公共自行车站点进行合理布设,研究通过对相关文献的综合归纳,以及对国内自行车交通发展现状的分析,提出了以二次指数平滑法进行需求量预测、p-中位模型进行站址规划、模糊综合评判法进行站址评价的旅游城市景区公共自行车网络规划设计方法,并以大唐芙蓉园景区为例,进行了实例分析.结果表明所提出的方法能为旅游景区的公共自行车...     

Generic Framework for Transport Network Designs: Applications and Treatment in Intermodal Freight Transport Literature

Abstract

Six principles for the design of transport systems are described, including direct link, corridor, hub‐and‐spoke, connected hubs, static routes, and dynamic routes. The designs are theoretically discussed, defining the operational character of each design and their application in passenger, freight and rail freight transport. The theory is then applied to intermodal freight transport by comparing the terminology used in the paper with that in the scientific literature. The advantages of using a generic terminology over contextual ones are identified from the perspectives of researchers, commercial operators and policy‐makers.     

A microeconomic interpretation for the system optimal traffic assignment problem with nonadditive path cost

Using a Bergson–Samuelson welfare function, we outline a microeconomic interpretation of the effects of the non-linearity in the time/cost relationship for travellers in a congested transport network. It is demonstrated that a marginal cost traffic flow assignment following Wardrop's second principle, although it minimizes the total cost of a transport network, may reduce social welfare compared to the market equilibrium assignment based on Wardrop's first principle. A welfare-maximizing assignment model is presented and used to show that if the travellers' utility functions are linear, the assignment that maximizes social welfare will be the same as the assignment that minimizes total network cost, but if users' utility functions are non-linear (reflecting the traditional non-satiation and diminishing marginal utility axioms), the two assignments will be different. It is further shown that the effects of this non-linearity are such that a welfare-maximizing assignment will meet with less user resistance than a minimum total network cost assignment.     

Performance evaluation and obstacle factors analysis of urban public transport priority

ABSTRACT

Through the comprehensive consideration of four subsystems – overall development level, infrastructure construction, public transportation service level and policy support – an index system of public transport priority performance evaluation is established. A performance evaluation of bus priority implementation in Wuhan City from 2007 to 2016 is carried out by applying the difference coefficient CRITIC-TOPSIS model. The obstacle factor model is also used to diagnose the factors affecting the priority performance of urban public transport. The research results show that, during this decade, the comprehensive performance of Wuhan City’s public transport priority developed from poor to medium, then to good and finally to excellent. The overall development level and infrastructure construction performance subsystems have the highest obstacle degree, followed by public transportation service levels and policy support performance subsystems. The research idea and method of this paper provide a realistic basis for promoting the priority performance of urban public transport.     

浅谈公共交通公众出行信息服务系统的应用

本文阐述了公众出行信息服务系统在公共交通领域中的应用,目标是建设个性化的公交实时位置信息接入平台,用户可以通过自己的手机,随时随地查询本市各公交车辆的实时位置、上下行方向等信息,方便市民适时安排自己的乘车计划,达到方便出行的目的.     

基于LINQ架构防范SQL注入攻击的公共自行车交通系统

SQL注入是一种常用且易于实施的攻击手段,对网络应用程序的安全构成严重威胁.本文在公共自行车交通系统中提出了一种基于LINQ防范SQL注入攻击的多层体系结构.该体系使用LINQ语法代替传统的SQL语句来查询和处理数据库中的数据,在运行时,LINQ中的组件会将集成在代码中的查询转换成SQL,并在数据库系统上执行,完全转移...     

对城乡公交一体化体系框架的研究

在城乡一元化发展的时代背景下,文章首先从运输方式和研究内容上,对城乡公交一体化的体系框架进行了介绍,并结合我国客运发展的实际水平,提出在城市与乡镇之间应采取严格的公交运营方案;在乡镇与行政村之问亦采取公交化的运营策略.在此基础上,从区域、城区、乡镇、行政村4个层面,对城乡公交一体化应重点解决的问题进行了深入分析,并形成...     

我国城市步行交通发展策略探讨

深入分析了我国城市步行交通面临的普遍性问题,相应地从土地利用模式、步行空间保障与环境营造、步行网络化建设、公众参与的规划决策机制等方面提出了适应于我国城市的步行交通发展策略和改善思路。     

城市干路拥堵社会经济评价方法

为评估城市干路交通拥堵导致的经济、环境成本和公众利益损失及其对区域架构的影响,设计了一种定量与定性相结合的分析方法.给出了因交通拥堵产生的八类损失,包括:出行时间损失、燃油损失及车辆损耗、交通事故损失、噪声损失及尾气排放增加的损失等五类从经济或环境、技术角度可量化的损失,以及交通拥堵导致机构搬迁对当地经济的影响、危险品...