快速公交系统通行能力计算方法研究

快速公交系统的通行能力是由瓶颈车站决定的.首先分析了车站通行能力的基本原理和主要影响因素,并基于排队论构造了单一停靠位通行能力的计算模型.同时,根据北京、杭州和昆明三地快速公交系统(公交专用道)的实际运营状况对模型参数进行了详细地标定和说明,提出缩短公交车平均停靠时间和改善系统运营稳定性是提升通行能力的重要途径.在此基础上,以北京市南中轴路快速公交为例,说明了模型的应用方法,并定量分析了各种因素对通行能力的影响.最后,对多停靠位车站的周转效率变化规律进行了分析,提出了其通行能力的计算方法.     

市域快速轨道交通水底盾构隧道防灾救援实例分析

市域快速轨道交通难免以隧道形式穿越大江大河,有必要探究市域快速轨道交通水底隧道防灾救援方法。依托温州市域铁路S2线瓯江北口隧道的工程实例,从工程应用、疏散效果、施工风险、结构受力、经济性、适用范围等方面,对比分析水底隧道受灾人员常见疏散方式,确定瓯江北口隧道受灾人员疏散方案;采用FDS软件模拟瓯江北口隧道不同火灾工况下,烟气、温度、可见度蔓延情况,以及安全疏散时间与距离火源位置关系。分析结果表明:隧道内发生火灾时,开启风机可使排烟效果得到明显提高,有利于人员安全疏散。     

内燃机进排气系统快速开发环境研究

本文基于并行工程的思想,把循环仿真,ＣＡＤ建模,快速原型制造和计算机辅助实验等各种先进的设计计算,分析,先进制造技术和实验方法用于内燃机进排气系统的开发过程中的向个环节,使其紧密结合起来,建立了以“软原型”为核心的快速开发环境,并对某内燃机的电子控制喷油谐振进气系统的开发进行了有益的探索。     

皖北城镇群城际轨道线网方案研究

为了加速皖北地区城市化进程,推动皖北城镇群发展,对皖北城镇群城际轨道交通线网方案进行研究探讨。根据皖北地区城镇群的特征,采用点线面分析为基础的综合分析规划法,分为主骨架构建和线网扩充两个层次进行城际轨道线网规划,提出契合城镇体系布局以及未来发展方向的城际轨道交通线网方案。研究形成"双核、六射、一连一贯通"的城际轨道线网形态,有力支撑皖北地区一体化发展。     

城市主干道快速公交(BRT)系统合理站距规划布局

快速公交系统充分利用道路资源,形成大容量、快捷、舒适的公交服务体系,将是承担我国大中城市出行交通的主体,是解决当前大中城市交通问题的重要途径。论文在研究城市主干道交通流行驶特性的基础上,结合城市道路网及交通特性分析、城市主干道快速公交(BRT)系统的交通功能及主干道沿线用地特征分析,提出了城市主干道快速公交(BRT)系统规划布局的合理站距。     

哥本哈根TOD模式研究

在长远规划的指导下,哥本哈根利用公交引导城市发展的模式(TOD)构建了“手形”的城市形态和可持续的交通系统,放射形的轨道交通线网对引导城市有序扩张起到了决定性作用。以哥本哈根城市发展经验为例,结合国内城市的发展状况,提出了中国城市应该大力推广TOD模式,并特别提出了以快速公交系统引导城市发展的新理念。     

The lurch towards formalisation: Lessons from the implementation of BRT in Johannesburg,South Africa

The City of Johannesburg, South Africa, implemented the first phase of its Bus Rapid Transit (BRT) system named Rea Vaya between 2009 and 2011. The system design and organisational arrangements drew heavily on precedents from South America, especially insofar as BRT is used as an instrument for securing the transformation and formalisation of a fragmented and problematic informal public transport industry. Despite the inevitable transition problems, the formalisation scheme appears to be generally successful – an outcome that surprised many analysts as it follows a long history of mistrust, resistance, and unsuccessful interventions between government and the minibus taxi industry. The paper offers an analysis of the reasons for the successful transformation of participating taxi operators, by using a life-cycle analogy. We argue that the minibus-taxi industry in South Africa has reached a state of stasis and maturity, with limited opportunities for further growth in its present form. BRT, as it is implemented locally, offers opportunities for re-invention – for moving onto new a potential growth trajectory – by overcoming the binding constraints of informality and by opening up new markets to operators. The life-cycle analysis also offers some insights into critical success factors that, if not met in the long run, could jeopardise the longevity and scalability of the formalisation project. The paper concludes with insights regarding the planning and management of BRT systems to maximise their potential for leveraging the formalisation of informal operators, both in South Africa and in other developing countries.     

How much can public private partnership really do for urban transport in developing countries?

A few cities in some of the larger developing countries in Latin America and Asia have made increasing use of multi-year concessions or franchises, competitively awarded to private companies, for construction and operation of urban transport infrastructure and for provision of public transport services. In view of the strong prospective growth of developing-country cities with large transport needs, and the rise in the emerging economies of potential new sources of private capital, it is important to see how effective PPP has so far been in this area. The experience is analyzed principally by thorough comparative review of what has actually happened for some of the main users to date: Bogotá, Santiago, São Paulo, Seoul, and several cities in both China and India. Despite delays and mistakes that have been made in development of most of the projects, the overall results, already delivered and in prospect, are very positive and urban public transport is benefiting substantially, with significant side effects on poorer people's access to work and to services, air pollution levels and road accident rates. The widest and most important advantage of the PPP arrangements, as compared with more conventional short-term contracting, is found to be the innovations, technical and managerial, developed, and, in particular, the mutual capacity building of the countries' private and public sectors and their more effective interaction. The experience in the six countries covered suggests that other developing-country cities may be best assisted to develop sound urban transport PPPs more rapidly through provision of help on chosen items among 7 elements that have proved particularly crucial but sometimes weak in the projects reviewed: Civic consultation systems, Land-use/Transport strategic planning, Land/property market management, Monitoring systems, Progressive policies, Economic regulation, and Public institutional framework for PPPs.