论船级社检验、船旗国监督与港口国监督三者关系

船级社检验发证、船旗国监督与港口国监督是保证船舶履行国际船舶安全与防止船舶污染海洋环境有关公约的重要途径。论文揭示了三者相互制约、相互牵制和互助协作的关系。     

The environmental costs and economic implications of container shipping on the Northern Sea Route

The Northern Sea Route (NSR) has tremendous potential for ocean shipping between Europe and Asia due to the savings from shorter transit time and distance. However, the Arctic area is environmentally vulnerable and thus there is a trade-off between NSR’s impacts on environment vs. its economic benefits, especially when compared with the traditional route, such as through the Suez Canal Route (SCR). This study estimates the market shares of different transport modes and alternative shipping routes for the container transport market between Europe and Asia, and the resulting environmental costs. Our result suggests that NSR can be a viable option under the status quo. However, its environmental costs tend to be higher than SCR due to small ship size and low load factor in the present, thus the development of NSR would lead to worse environment outcomes. If these issues can be resolved, NSR can benefit from lower operational and environmental costs, which will lead to higher market share and social welfare. Otherwise, increased use of NSR may lead to higher total environment costs than the status quo.     

京杭运河山东段航运发展战略探索

在分析京杭运河山东段航运发展现状的基础上,提出京杭运河山东段航运发展战略总体目标是建设京杭运河水上运输高速大通道,打造现代化航运体系,并阐述了实施四大战略的发展战略重点及建立六大工作机制的发展战略措施。     

Improved driver responses at intersections with red signal countdown timers

Traffic Signal Countdown Timers (TSCTs) are innovative, practical and cost effective technologies with the potential to improve efficiency at signalized intersections. The purpose of these devices is to assist motorists in decision-making at signalized intersections with real-time signal duration information. This study focused specifically on driver responses in the presence of a Red Signal Countdown Timer (RSCT). A Linear Mixed Effect (LME) model was developed to predict the effect of RSCT on the headway of the first vehicle waiting on a red signal. The model predicted 0.72 s reduction in the headway of the first queued vehicle resulting from the presence of RSCT, while the observed difference in mean headway was 0.82 s. This result is suggestive of a reduction in start-up lost time at signalized intersections, i.e., an improvement in signalized intersection efficiency when an RSCT is present.     

Vulnerability analysis of global container shipping liner network based on main channel disruption

The Malacca Strait, the Suez Canal and the Panama Canal play an important role in the global container shipping. To study the impact of main channel interruption on the container shipping, we analysed statistical data on all routes operated by the top 100 global container liner companies and constructed a network model. We selected four topological metrics to measure the network’s connectivity and used the network weekly total shipping capacity and average shortest shipping time to measure the network’s transportation capacity and transportation time. The interruption of the main channel is simulated, and the changes in the metrics are analysed. The results indicated that the network’s vulnerability is sensitive to main channel interruption. If the Malacca Strait is interrupted, the network’s prosperity degree fall by almost half and the network’s transportation time increase by more than a quarter if the Suez Canal is interrupted. In addition, East Asian and European container liner shipping have more than 50% dependence on the Malacca Strait and the Suez Canal. Moreover, the container transport time between ports in East Asia, Europe, and North America and the rest of the world increases by an average of 4–9 days in the main channel interruption.     

京杭运河二线船闸输水设计中的有关问题

借助京杭运河微山二线船闸的设计与试验 ,结合京杭运河上其他船闸的研究成果 ,对输水设计、运转中的共性问题 ,及其格栅消能型式等进行探讨。     

城市交叉口的闯红灯违规分析研究

闯红灯冲突比起交叉路口所有冲突占有比较高的伤害百比率。通过对西安部分城市交叉路口机动车辆违规行为的调查分析，对设置有全红灯间隔、没有设置全红灯间隔以及是否安装闯红灯自动检测系统的交叉口进行了比较研究，分析了闯红灯违规的特点，研究分析表明在信号灯相位及其间隔设置合理的前提下，实施安装自动闯红灯监测系统可以明显减少闯红灯行为的发生，闯红灯自动检测系统机动车驾驶员的行为规范得到改善。还给出了黄灯信号期通过交叉口车辆的微观仿真建模及其实验结果，初步探讨了减少闯红灯违规的有效措施。     

杭甬运河集装箱港口布局方案研究

运用层次分析法对杭甬运河集装箱港口布局进行规划研究,通过对港口腹地经济环境、集疏运网络、港口资源、港口服务管理水平、港口地理位置和投资等因素的权重分析,得到了以杭州港区为杭甬运河的主枢纽港,宁波海河联运港区和绍兴港区为重要港口,萧山港区、柯桥港区、上虞港区和余姚港区为一般港口的布局方案,其中主枢纽港和重要港口应以建设集装箱专用码头为主,其余应建设多用途码头。其结果对杭甬运河集装箱运输的发展具有重要的参考意义。     

湘桂赣粤运河开发重点问题亟待研究

本文分析推进湘桂赣粤运河连通既是构建高质量国土空间布局的响应,又是促进区域经济协调发展的需要,还是交通强国建设在内河水运的体现,更是契合绿色、低碳发展的生态文明建设,战略意义重大,影响深远,从综合开发角度审视运河工程的必要性、跳出航运探究运河开发的外围技术可行性、基于航运高质量发展突破关键技术难题三个维度提出运河开发亟需研究、有待破解的重点问题。     

困境区域范围及其控制对策研究

在道路交通中,由于困境区域的存在,导致了部分车辆驾驶员无意闯红灯行为的发生。为了减少此种状况的出现,本文通过分析研究影响困境区域范围的四个主要因素,提出控制建议并通过驾驶员反应时间因素t的调整．重新给出困境区域范围的计算公式。通过实例计算,分析出困境区域的具体位置及范围,提出在路面特定位置标出提示标志,帮助驾驶员在即将进入黄灯期时,根据其与提示标志间的相对位置关系,客观快速地做出行驶或制动的决策代替主观经验的判断。结果表明,在路口限速为30km／h,单个车道宽3．5m．车长3．5m~5m的情况下,若黄灯时间为2s,则困境区域范围为7．98m＊3．5m≤Skl≤9．48m＊3．5m,若设置成3s．则困境区域范围则缩小为0．31m＇3．5m≤Sk2≤1．19m＊3．5m,应在此处标示困境区域提示带,并在距离路口停车线40．91m处设立减速提示牌。