基于遗传算法的造船企业场地资源配置研究

根据现代造船企业场地资源配置的特点,结合船舶建造的实际加工情况,对船厂的场地资源进行合理的调度和控制,以确保在任何时间都能够保持船厂生产效率的最佳状态。采用遗传算法进行数学建模,针对性地研究场地利用率不高、资源使用不合理等问题。     

Comprehensive pavement maintenance strategies for road networks through optimal allocation of resources

In order to maintain a growing road infrastructure at some minimum level of service, substantial resources are required on a recurrent basis. Of late, the available resources can no longer meet all the maintenance and rehabilitation demand even in wealthy nations. Hence, there is a need to develop a tool which will optimally allocate these resources in order to keep the road infrastructure as ‘healthy’ as possible. Further, this tool must acknowledge that maintenance needs are not only restricted to structural aspects but also extend to the functional- and safety-related aspects of a road. Here, such a comprehensive optimization tool is developed which when used will optimally allocate resources in order to maintain a healthy (from structural, functional, and safety standpoints) road network. The problem of determining the optimum maintenance and rehabilitation activities for individual road sections is formulated as a linear integer programming problem. Results from a case study using the proposed method show that the suggested maintenance and rehabilitation plans make sense from engineering and economic considerations.     

Dynamic wavelength and bandwidth allocation using adaptive linear prediction in WDM/TDM ethernet passive optical networks

Hybrid wavelength-division-multiplexing (WDM)/time-division-multiplexing (TDM) ethernet passive optical networks (EPONs) can achieve low per-subscriber cost and scalability to increase the number of subscribers. This paper discusses dynamic wavelength and bandwidth allocation (DWBA) algorithm in hybrid WDM/TDM EPONs. Based on the correlation structure of the variable bit rate (VBR) video traffic, we propose a quality-of-service (QoS) supported DWBA using adaptive linear traffic prediction. Wavelength and timeslot are allocated dynamically by optical line terminal (OLT) to all optical network units (ONUs) based on the bandwidth requests and the guaranteed service level agreements (SLA) of all ONUs. Mean square error of the predicted average arriv-ing rate of compound video traffic during waiting period is minimized through Wiener-Hopf equation. Simulation results show that the DWBA-adaptive-linear-prediction (DWBA-ALP) algorithm can significantly improve the QoS performances in terms of low delay and high bandwidth utilization.     

One manufacturer's approach to improving jet transport fuel efficiency

In the face of rapidly escalating costs of aircraft fuel, since the early 1970s, the aerospace industry has embarked on a program of measures to reduce fuel consumption. This article describes an integrated set of measures which have been undertaken by Lockheed‐California to improve the fuel requirements of the Tristar, a wide‐bodied three engine medium to long range aircraft. Measures include operational changes, improvements to maintenance practices, long term hardware modifications and technological advances.     

The location of public logistic centers: an expanded capacity-limited fixed cost location-allocation modeling approach

The location problem considered in this paper concerns the optimal number, size, and location of public logistic centers. To solve this problem, a mathematical model is developed based on an expanded capacity-limited fixed cost location-allocation model of a network incorporating handling costs and the costs of the temporary storage of cargo in the logistic center. The effectiveness of the proposed approach is evaluated with a numerical example of locating public logistic centers of international importance in the Republic of Serbia, based on two scenarios regarding the future development of import cargo flows into the Republic to the year 2020.     

广西高速公路绿化植物优化配置研究

文章基于广西高速公路绿化植物配置的现状及存在的问题,阐述了高速公路绿化植物配置的基本原则,并针对中央分隔带、路堤与路堑边坡、互通式立体交叉区、服务区、路侧台地及取弃土场的功能特点和绿化要求,提出了适宜的高速公路绿化植物优化配置模式。     

公交线路配车问题的不确定双层规划模型

为合理优化公交线路配车,考虑现实中公交站点乘客数量不确定性因素,引入不确定理论构建公交线路配车的不确定双层规划模型. 上层目标为公交运营企业的收益最大化,下层目标为乘客出行时间和费用总成本最小,约束条件是政府要求的服务水平、乘车率,通过 MATLAB进行编程求解. 以南昌市210 路公交为例,利用所构建的不确定双层规划模型对早高峰07:00-08:00 配车进行优化,在给定80%乘车率的约束条件下,单方向配车数量由26 辆减少到23 辆,减少11.5%;优化后高峰小时乘客总加权成本相比优化前小幅增加0.5%,基本持平;高峰小时该线路的利润比优化前增加了112 元,提高29.6%. 结果显示,利用所构建模型优化早高峰小时线路配车效果明显. 该研究为公交运营者考虑现实中不确定因素更合理地优化线路配车提供了理论支持.     

改进的协同航路分配优化模型及算法研究

为优化协同航路分配程序,利用基尼系数定义一个新的公平性能指标,构建同时兼顾效率和公平性的双目标非线性整数规划模型,采用基于航班优先级排列的染色体编码方式设计一种改进的遗传算法,融合满意解的选择过程.仿真算例结果显示,与现有算法相比,改进遗传算法得到的最终满意解使空域运行效率提高9.3%,航空公司公平性提高33.7%.结果表明,改进的遗传算法能快速获得真实帕累托前沿,且最终满意解能在空域运行效率和资源分配公平性上得到显著提升,说明本文模型及算法合理.     

共享单车的外部性分析及发展策略研究

为了厘清共享单车参与各方的权利与义务,更好地发挥市场调节作用,提高资源配置效 率,从共享单车的经济外部性特征入手,运用经济学成本收益理论分析了共享单车的负外部性产 生的原因,论证了共享单车外部成本管理的必要性,最后从外部成本内部化角度,面向政府、企 业和用户分别提出了管理策略,为共享单车的可持续发展提供参考。研究结果表明,共享单车的 正外部性主要体现在促进自行车出行,优化交通结构,促进交通领域节能减排;负外部性主要体 现在挤占道路资源,车辆乱停乱放,安全隐患突出;消减共享单车负外部性的根本手段是控制共 享单车的规模在动态最优投放量附近。在市场价格调节机制失灵的情况下,必须发挥政府的激励 作用,将可持续发展目标、共享单车企业、共享单车使用者紧密联系起来,共同消减共享单车带 来的负外部成本。     

基于需求转移的货运班列动态舱位控制策略研究

基于收益管理的思想,综合考虑顾客需求转移和批量订舱行为,建立离散时间的铁路货运班列动态舱位控制模型,指出在任意决策阶段,舱位预定请求接受/拒绝阈值点若存在则至少存在一个的特性.然后在任意决策阶段,利用每种舱位的阈值点构造了两组区间序列,针对每组区间序列给出相应的舱位预定请求的接受/拒绝策略.此外还证明了期望收益函数的性质及阈值点关于需求转移率的单调性.最后,通过设计3组仿真实验分别验证了最优舱位控制策略的可行性及相关性质的正确性.