单柱式浮式风力机动力响应数值与试验分析

以200 m作业水深的5 MW OC3单柱式浮式风力机为研究对象,采用FAST程序对其在不同海况下的运动进行全耦合时历数值计算,并与采用1∶50缩尺比模型试验所得时历结果进行对比,通过时域以及频域方法对平台主要自由度运动以及系泊拉力进行分析。研究发现:垂向运动带来的自由面记忆效应较纵向和横向小;悬链线式模型所能提供的系泊拉力较张紧式系泊提供的拉力小;风浪联合作用下,风载荷主要激励低频固有频率运动,波浪载荷则主要激励波频运动;平台纵荡和纵摇运动受系泊系统的影响较大,而垂荡运动则不受系泊系统的影响。     

绞车轴瓦应力对附加载荷的响应机理分析

自升式风电安装船是海洋风电安装工程中的重要装备,摩擦绞车升降装置与桩腿、船体构成了自升安装船独立的升降系统。在升降装置的作用下,绞车提供牵引力完成放桩、升船等动作。海上作业过程中环境载荷的不确定性会使作业过程绞车升降系统受附加工作载荷,从而导致工作绞车容易发生故障,给作业系统的安全、稳定运行带来巨大的隐患。本课题从海洋38#风电安装船的外部作用环境和实船绞车轴瓦的失效情况出发,基于支撑桩腿、船体与海洋环境间的相互作用机理,分别分析了绞车轴瓦应力对冲击和振动的响应关系,并采用柔性体有限元仿真和刚体动力学仿真分析的方法,分析了绞车作业过程中的附加工作载荷。同时根据分析结果绘制了响应关系坐标图,进一步研究了工作过程中绞车附加载荷与绞车滚筒支撑轴瓦失效的机理关系。     

制动减速度与制动响应时间的匹配设计及优化分析

制动减速度和制动响应时间作为商用车制动系统两项重要技术指标,直接影响车辆行车安全.本文通过对某款8×8车型的制动减速度与制动响应时间进行匹配设计、测试分析及设计优化,最终使制动减速度达到理想状态,制动响应时间大幅缩短,制动性能得到了大幅提升,进一步提高了整车的安全性.     

某公务船抗碰撞性能研究

公务船在领海和专属经济区执行维权执法任务时,存在较高的与其他船舶发生主动或被动碰撞的风险。为了准确评估公务船的耐撞性能,本文以某公务船为例,考虑多种计算工况,对目标船的耐撞性能进行动态响应计算,获得了机舱及首部区域的结构损伤、应力、能量吸收等动态结构响应,并计算获得被撞船达到临界状态时的极限撞击速度。研究成果可为公务船的防撞结构设计提供参考。     

Iterative methodology for response based analysis of an FPSO mooring system

Response based analysis (RBA) has been developed for prediction of extreme N-year return period responses and design metocean conditions of offshore structures. For applying the RBA, the behaviour of the offshore system subjected to a long history of metocean conditions needs to be predicted, and then, the probabilistic analysis is applied to estimate its long-term responses. Due to the large number of analysis cases required, the structural simulation is usually performed either by simplifying the structural model or by using computationally efficient tools, such as frequency-domain (FD) analysis. These approaches usually decrease the accuracy of predictions mainly when they are utilized for nonlinear systems. On the other hand, employing time-domain (TD) simulations leads to more accurate results but it is computationally expensive. Application of RBA for a weathervaning FPSO, which is the subject of the present study, makes TD analysis an essential requirement because of a highly nonlinear behaviour of the system. In the present study, an efficient methodology is proposed that aims at reducing the computational efforts of RBA by joint application of TD and FD simulations in combining the structural and statistical analyses through a single process, such that the number of time-consuming TD simulations is minimized. After initial screening using the results from FD simulations, the methodology identifies the response events (storms) that contribute the most to the N-year response and sets out an iterative process in which only those events that are most important are analysed by fully-coupled TD simulations. Within such events, a similar approach is also applied to intervals (sea states) where only the most contributing intervals are analysed in TD, and the remaining intervals are left for a less accurate FD analysis without sacrificing the overall accuracy. The proposed methodology provides a robust framework for distinguishing between “mild” and “severe” response events, without specifying any predefined limits for the metocean parameters or making a subjective judgement. Although it is developed for the mooring system of a weathervaning FPSO, it should also be applicable to any type of offshore structure and any structural response. This paper is the first part of the study and concentrates on the development of the efficient methodology to optimize the application of RBA to FPSO mooring systems, whilst its detailed application is subject of the second part of the study.     

基于抗撞性和设计空间的薄壁直梁参数优化

运用碰撞仿真技术,对能够代表汽车前纵梁的6种薄壁直梁进行了截面形状选择;针对所选取的较优截面形状直梁的截面尺寸、板厚和材料强度进行了正交试验设计,以吸能、比吸能和压溃距离为主要评价指标建立了响应面模型并进行优化.结果表明,优化后的直梁在质量仅增加3.2％的情况下,不仅抗撞性明显提高,而且设计空间下降了约27.1％.     

基于MIDAS/Civil的堂屋岭特大桥的抗震分析

文章利用Midas/Civil 2012结构分析软件,遵循以概率理论为基础的"两水平、两阶段"的桥梁抗震设计方法,对堂屋岭特大桥进行反应谱分析和时程瞬态分析,并利用统计方法将分析结果绘制成结构内力图,以判定该特大桥在不同的地震效应下的结构性能是否满足设计要求。     

Reliability analysis of ship hulls made of composite materials under sagging moments

An approach is presented to assess the reliability of ship hulls made of composite materials under sagging moments. Buckling, first-ply failure, and ultimate collapse are regarded as the three possible failure modes of ship hulls of composite materials under sagging moments. Reliability estimates were carried out by a combination of the first-order second-moment method and the response surface methodology. A ship hull of composite materials under sagging moments was evaluated and the results showed that the effects on reliability estimates of the model uncertainty in the longitudinal strength of the ship hull, the model uncertainty of the sagging moments, and the sagging moments were significant, whereas the influences of the stochastic characteristics of material elastic moduli were relatively unimportant.     

基于响应面方法的车钩缓冲器特性曲线优化分析

为了更加真实地反映车钩缓冲器实际工作状态和进行缓冲器特性曲线优化,提出采用列车纵向动力学系统对缓冲器的特性曲线进行分析。在优化方面,从响应面方法的基本原理出发,建立响应面的子区域构造方法,运用凝聚函数和惩罚技术处理约束的遗传算法求解加约束条件的二次响应面最优解。以大秦线实际线路、列车编组以及列车纵向动力学性能为优化计算的条件,结合缓冲器数值模型建立缓冲器特性曲线的优化模型,运用所提出基于遗传算法的响应面方法对重载列车缓冲器特性曲线进行优化求解。结果说明所提方法对求解缓冲器特性曲线的优化问题非常有效。     

独塔斜拉桥的动力反应谱分析

基于有限单元法,运用有限元软件M IDAS,结合某大桥实例,计算了混合梁独塔斜拉桥的动力特性,并对其进行了相应的动力反应谱分析,结果表明该桥抗震性能良好,地震荷载设计不受控制。