基于地应力测试的高地压硬质围岩隧道岩爆分析研究

初始应力场对高地压隧道围岩变形和岩爆分析有着重要的控制作用.采用了目前技术较为成熟的空心包体应变计法,成功测量出高黎贡山隧道的原岩地应力,并将该地应力测试成果应用于隧道岩爆预测数值模型中.有限元计算表明：该隧道埋深在400～480 m时有轻微岩爆发生,埋深大于480 m有中等岩爆发生;拱顶是岩爆的危险区域,施工时需格外注意.计算结果和现场岩爆发生位置具有较好的相似性.最后针对该隧道岩爆状况提出了相应的防治对策.     

岭角隧道节理裂隙岩层稳定性离散元分析

为了研究不同埋深的破碎岩层对隧道稳定性的影响,以及节理裂隙较软岩层下隧道塌方过程的形态规律,依托岭角隧道工程,分别建立不同埋深破碎岩层下隧道开挖、支护的简化模型,应用离散单元法对岩层张开节理、塑性区及支护结构内力进行分析。结果表明:当破碎岩层分布于隧道拱肩及拱顶位置时,隧道稳定性最差,此时其支护结构上的内力值相对最大;节理裂隙较软岩层下隧道塌方一般经历断面收缩变形、大面积岩体塌落、塌方完成三个形态阶段。     

岩溶、溶洞隧道坍方分析及防坍处理

结合某高速公路隧道岩溶、溶洞的坍方情况,分析了产生坍方的各种原因,并对可能出现不同情况的坍方采取相应的防坍处理方法进行了总结.     

碗扣式钢管脚手架垮塌原因分析

介绍了碗扣式脚手架的基本构造及特点,分析了现浇支架垮塌的主要原因,重点分析了碗扣失效原因、失效后承载能力的降低及单肢失稳后的连锁反应,提出了预防手段。     

采用大管棚处理隧道塌方的应用技术

以某隧道塌方处理为例,介绍管棚法处理隧道塌方的应用技术。     

Analysis of the accident of the MVNakhodka. Part 2. Estimation of structural strength

In the early morning of January 2, 1997, a Russian tanker, the MVNakhodka, broke in two in the Sea of Japan. The fore part of the vessel drifted and was stranded on the coast of Japan, and the aft part sank. The coast of Japan was seriously polluted by spilled heavy oil. Following this disaster, the Japanese Government established a Committee for the Investigation of the Causes of the Casualty of theNakhodka. This paper deals with the structural strength of MVNakhodka at the time of the accident. First the structural characteristics of theNakhodka are described, and the reduction in thickness of the structural members are estimated based on the data measured on the fore part of the vessel which drifted ashose. Then the ultimate longitudinal strength of the hull girder at the time of the accident is evaluated by applying Smith's method, and the possibility of break-up collapse due to excess loads is discussed. The mechanism of fracture at the bottom plate is also discussed based on the observed fracture surfuce of the cross section. Finally an FEM (finite element method) simulation of the break-up of the hull girder is performed. It is shown that buckling/plastic collapse took place at the deck plate near Fr.153, which was followed by the successive buckling collapse of the side shell plate of the hull girder. Right after the collapse of the deck structure, the bottom plate fractured just in front of the transverse bulkhead at Fr.153. This article is based on an article that appeared in Japanese in the Journal of the Society of Naval Architects of Japan, vol. 183 (1998).     

基于过载法的船舶板架冗余度研究

针对两种损伤模式,建立基于过载法的船舶板架结构冗余度计算模型,推导板架结构连续垮塌的最大屈曲利用因子计算公式。计算了6艘CSR船舶船底、内底板、舷侧板和甲板等板架损伤态的屈曲利用因子,验证船舶板架的冗余度。     

老集高速公路测量控制点高程变化原因探讨

通过对内蒙古自治区老集高速公路测量控制点高程发生变化,以至线路复测时,高程闭合差超限的分析,阐述了除正常测量本身所产生的误差外,高程控制点的变化还受气候、地形、土壤、含水等综合因素的影响,同时指出,造成高程变化的根本原因是高程控制桩在冻融过程中产生了冻拔和融沉作用,并具有一定的规律性。     

基于光纤传感技术的铁路沿线崩塌落石监测点布设研究

针对崩塌落石等突发性强、速度快、随机性大的严重地质灾害,近年已成为山区铁路防洪工作的重点,同时也一直是边坡工程勘察中的重点和解决难点。主要讲述光纤光栅传感器在铁路上的实际应用,并模拟真实落石险情,以大量数据基础为依托探究传感器的布设方案。     

Collapase analysis of ship hulls

This paper presents an efficient finite element procedure for the collapse analysis of ship hulls under complicated loads. A set of finite elements, such as beam-column elements, stiffened plate elements, and shear panel elements are developed, directly accounting for the geometrical and material non-linearities and initial imperfections.

Elastic-plastic stiffness matrices for elements have been derived by combining elastic large displacement analysis theories with a plastic hinge model. The buckling and post-buckling behaviour of plates is included using an effective width concept. The procedure is effective, since few mode-points are necessary and numerical integration for evaluating stiffness matrices is avoided. Fracture mechanics criteria are introduced in order to account for tension tearing rupture and brittle failure of the material.

Practical applications to ultimate longitudinal strength analysis of ship hulls and tanker collision analysis are presented. The procedure can also be used for collapse analysis of offshore and onshore structures.