Influence of Carbonation on Mechanical Properties of Concrete

As one of the most important factors that determine the lifespan of a reinforced concrete structure, carbonation not only corrodes the reinforcing steel, but also changes the mechanical properties of concrete. For better understanding the performance of carbonated concrete structure, it is necessary to study the mechanical properties of carbonated concrete. The strees-strain relationship of carbonated concrete was analyzed on the basis of experiments. The specimens were made by means of accelerated carbonation and then compressed on the testing machine. Some very important characteristics of carbonated concrete were revealed by the testing results. In addition,a useful constitutive model of carbonated concrete, which proved to be suitable for analyzing carbonated concrete members, was established in this research.     

简支梁桥上拱度对高速行车舒适性影响研究

中小跨径的PC简支梁桥过度上拱现象经常出现对行车舒适性产生了不利的影响.基于1/4汽车模型,采用常量力移动荷载模型模拟桥梁振动,以及半正弦曲线模拟桥梁上拱后所形成的桥面纵坡曲线,分别建立了由桥梁振动和桥梁上拱引起的车辆振动响应方程,分析比较了以上2种情况对车辆振动的影响.得出桥梁振动相对于上拱度对车辆振动的影响很小的结论.     

新型局域共振橡胶减振垫振动传递特性测试分析

为了研究一种应用于浮置板轨道结构的新型橡胶减振垫的振动传递特性,对比某基于局域共振新型减振垫与普通橡胶减振垫的减振性能,研究预压质量与激振加速度对振动传递特性的影响,对新型橡胶减振垫进行刚度试验与振动传递特性试验,测试其在30~200 Hz频率下的传递特性,试验过程中采用不同的预压质量与激振加速度,振动传递特性测试采用加速度激振的方法,以加速度传递率作为减振垫振动传递特性的评价指标。结果表明:新型减振垫加速度传递率更小,减振效果更好,最大可以减小10 dB左右;减振垫上方预压质量对振动传递特性有较大影响,预压质量越大,加速度传递率越大,减振效果越差;减振垫的刚度对其振动传递特性有一定的影响,激振的加速度幅值对加速度传递率影响较小。     

Roll angle estimator based on angular rate measurements for bicycles

ABSTRACT

Measuring the roll angle of single-track vehicles has always been a challenging task; however, accurate and reliable measurements of this magnitude are paramount for controlling the stability of these vehicles, both for autonomous riding and for safety reasons. A roll angle estimation is also useful in other situations, such as tests to perform the identification of the parameters of the rider control. In this work, a new algorithm is presented for estimating the roll angle of bicycles. This estimator, based on the well-known Kalman filter, employs a wheel speed sensor to approximate the speed of the vehicle, and three angular rate sensors, which are currently small and affordable sensors. The proposed method was implemented in a microcontroller and tested in a bicycle and the results were compared with measurements obtained with optical sensors, showing a good correlation. Although it has not been tested in motorcycles, comparable results are expected.     

On model-based longitudinal feed-forward motion control for low velocities on known road profiles

ABSTRACT

So far, longitudinal motion control has focused on situations like highway driving, where disturbances of the road profile can be neglected. In this paper, we show how the Two Point Tire Model can be used to derive a novel feed-forward control law for a vehicle's longitudinal motion that considers the effects of the road profile and can complement existing control approaches. For this purpose, we recapitulate the basic model assumptions and equations and briefly discuss how it can be used on arbitrary road profiles. Two approaches for implementation in a real vehicle are presented. Comparisons of these approaches in simulation and to a human driver of an experimental vehicle show that the controller can deal with stepped obstacles of up to 14?cm in height. However, the control performance is essentially limited by the actuator delay and human drivers outperform the controller due to their ability of sensing subtle vehicle motions. The results indicate that the control performance can be further improved by using a preview on the necessary drive torque, which can be provided by the solution that we propose.     

Modeling nonlinear roll damping with a self-consistent,strongly nonlinear ship motion model

Appropriate modeling of roll damping is one of the key issues in accurately predicting ship roll motion. The difficulties in modeling roll damping arise from the nonlinear nature of the phenomena. In this study, we report a new effort in modeling the bilge keel roll damping effect based on the blocking mechanisms of an object in the potential flow. This effect can be implemented as a component of appropriate ship motion models. We used our digital, self-consistent, ship experimental laboratory (DiSSEL) ship motion model to test its effectiveness in predicting ship roll motion. Our numerical experiment demonstrated clearly that the implementation of this roll damping component improves significantly the accuracy of numerical model results (the results were compared with ship experiment data from the Naval Surface Warfare Center, Carderock Division, Maneuvering and Seakeeping Facility).     

海上设备材料腐蚀加速试验研究

开展了盐雾试验的严酷度对试验结果的加速性影响研究,通过采用不同材料的试样：铁板、铝板、不锈钢等。调节试验NaCl溶液的浓度、盐雾沉降量、试验温度、连续喷雾和间歇喷雾4个参数,在每个参数的不同严酷度下针对每个种类的样品进行盐雾腐蚀试验,分析试验后的腐蚀结果和程度并根据拟合分析得到不同严酷度对于每种样品的试验结果的加速影响效果。     

迈腾轿车加速不良故障检修

发动机加速不良的原因很多,既有油路方面的原因,也有电路方面的原因,还有进、排气系统方面的原因。本文主要以电控发动机工作原理和维修实例为依据,分析迈腾1.8 TSI手自一体轿车由于排气管堵塞造成加速不良的诊断思路、方法、步骤。     

Identifying multiclass vehicles using global positioning system data

It has been previously evidenced that global positioning system (GPS) data can be used to distinguish passenger cars from delivery trucks. In this paper, a machine learning approach is proposed to use GPS data to identify multiclass vehicles, including passenger cars, single unit trucks, and multi-trailer trucks. The method is acceleration and deceleration-based since it considers the variations of acceleration and deceleration as the most effective features to classify vehicles. The overall classification result for the three vehicle classes is about 75%. The major challenge is to distinguish single unit trucks from multitrailer trucks due to their somewhat similar mobility patterns. The paper also explores the impacts of GPS sampling frequency on vehicle classification. It is found that the proposed multiclass vehicle classification can be reasonably conducted if the data are collected frequently enough (i.e., every five seconds or more frequently) to capture the major acceleration and deceleration processes. The proposed method can be considered as a low-cost and non-intrusive approach to collect vehicle class information and to potentially supplement the existing classification schemes in urban areas.