Incorporating human-factors in car-following models: A review of recent developments and research needs

Over the past decades there has been a considerable development in the modeling of car-following (CF) behavior as a result of research undertaken by both traffic engineers and traffic psychologists. While traffic engineers seek to understand the behavior of a traffic stream, traffic psychologists seek to describe the human abilities and errors involved in the driving process. This paper provides a comprehensive review of these two research streams.It is necessary to consider human-factors in CF modeling for a more realistic representation of CF behavior in complex driving situations (for example, in traffic breakdowns, crash-prone situations, and adverse weather conditions) to improve traffic safety and to better understand widely-reported puzzling traffic flow phenomena, such as capacity drop, stop-and-go oscillations, and traffic hysteresis. While there are some excellent reviews of CF models available in the literature, none of these specifically focuses on the human factors in these models.This paper addresses this gap by reviewing the available literature with a specific focus on the latest advances in car-following models from both the engineering and human behavior points of view. In so doing, it analyses the benefits and limitations of various models and highlights future research needs in the area.     

Development and evaluation of a statistically reliable traffic counting program

This paper reviews the existing procedures to compute the seasonal factors, growth factors, and the number of automatic traffic recorder stations (ATRs) for developing a statistically reliable traffic counting program. The review is based on, (i) theoretical evaluation of the procedures, (ii) analysis of the results obtained from applying these procedures to extensive real life data, and (iii) experience of past researchers with these methods. The paper primarily deals with existing statistical procedures for determining seasonal factors, since it is believed that these factors play the most important role in estimating Annual Average Daily Traffic (AADTs) from short counts. The procedure of cluster analysis (which is most commonly used to determine seasonal factors) is critically reviewed. The shortcomings of this method motivated the development of a different statistical procedure, based on regression analysis, to determine seasonal factors. It is shown that this newly developed method gives better results than the cluster analysis techniques. Furthermore, separate sections are dedicated to a thorough analysis of determination of number of ATR stations and computation of growth factors.     

公路建设项目中降雨因子对土壤流失量的影响分析

降雨因子对水土流失量起着决定性的作用。通过在汉十高速公路上设置实验小区，用径流小区法进行了水土流失监测，并根据数理统计原理，对水土流失量及降雨量的数据进行分析，建立回归方程，研究了降雨因子与水土流失量之间的关系，并对其结果从溅蚀和径流冲刷两个方面进行了理论分析。     

汽车噪声控制技术的最新进展与发展趋势

对汽车噪声控制技术领域的最新进展及发展趋势进行综述,包括噪声控制技术在汽车新产品设计中的应用(整车级别的声学品质目标设定、系统和元件级别的声振特性目标设定)、NVH仿真分析的置信度、NVH虚拟环境技术、车辆噪声控制的材料及结构技术等相关主题。     

二灰稳定低液限粉土底基层性能研究

结合子洲~靖边高速公路4个合同段低液限粉土的情况,分别采用试验和理论分析的方法,对该地区广泛存在的低液限粉土底基层稳定性能进行了系统研究。首先对低液限粉土稳定土进行了物理、力学性质试验,取得了基本的研究参数。然后通过分析当前常用的路面底基层稳定土方案,对该地区的低液限粉土提出了稳定加固方案,并分析了加固机理和影响因素。     

电控汽油喷射系统控制特性的探讨

简述了电控汽油喷射系统的优点，介绍了电控汽油喷射系统的两种主要控制方式。对冷起动与起动后供油增量特怀，暖车供油增量特性电压修理特性等９种汽油喷射系统的控制特性 探讨，分析了具体工作过程。     

SF－350型滑模式水泥混凝土摊铺机调平转向机构的原理及操作

ＳＦ－３５０型滑模式水泥混凝土摊铺机调平转向机构的原理及操作湖南省公路局曹继昌关键词：滑模式水泥混凝土摊铺机，调平，转向，原理，方向，水平，自动控制１调平及转向原理在所需铺筑路面的旁侧，按照路面施工的要求标高及路形，预先拉设一根尼龙绳。作为机器调平和...     

声强测量技术在汽车噪声控制中的应用

简述了声强测量法的基本原理,分析了开发的声强测量系统的特性,介绍了该系统在汽车噪声控制中的应用实例,证明该系统能准确地确定主要噪声源之所在,为采取有效的降噪措施提供可靠依据。     

电液比例技术控制发动机冷却风扇的原理及特征

为降低能耗，减少污染，满足现代辆车发动机冷却系统结构尺寸和噪声的要求，最新的方法之一是应用电液化比例技术控制发动机冷却风扇的转速。分析对比了多种电液比例技术控制风扇转速的方案，并重点介绍了比例压力阀控制方案的原理及特征。     

多年冻土地区路基变形特征及影响因素

青藏公路沥青混凝土路面修建后,增大了路基下多年冻土的吸热量,导致了多年冻土融化。多年冻土融沉变形在冻土路基变形中占主导地位,其发生、发展与冻土温度及工程地质特性等有关。通过青藏公路唐南地区路基变形监测数据,分析了路基变形的特征及多年冻土融沉变形的影响因素。