管土作用下的钢悬链线立管动力响应及其疲劳分析

钢悬链线立管的疲劳分析得到越来越多的重视,尤其是其与海床土体相互作用引起的疲劳。本文根据 Aubeny提出的管土作用模型以及 Bridge提出的土体吸力模型,采用有限元方法,在考虑其与海床土体相互作用的基础上,分析了钢悬链线立管在不同载况作用下的动力响应及疲劳损伤。分析发现,钢悬链线立管上触地点和悬挂点处的疲劳损伤更为显著;洋流载荷对立管疲劳损伤的影响随着水深的增加而减弱;土体吸力的存在,会增大触地段尤其是触地点附近的疲劳损伤;立管触地点附近的疲劳损伤与土体刚度呈正相关。     

Isocyanic acid and ammonia in vehicle emissions

Vehicles are considered to be an important source of ammonia (NH₃) and isocyanic acid (HNCO). HNCO and NH₃ have been shown to be toxic compounds. Moreover, NH₃ is also a precursor in the formation of atmospheric secondary aerosols. For that reason, real-time vehicular emissions from a series of Euro 5 and Euro 6 light-duty vehicles, including spark ignition (gasoline and flex-fuel), compression ignition (diesel) and a plug-in electric hybrid, were investigated at 23 and −7 °C over the new World harmonized Light-duty vehicle Test Cycle (WLTC) in the Vehicle Emission Laboratory at the European Commission Joint Research Centre Ispra, Italy. The median HNCO emissions obtained for the studied fleet over the WLTC were 1.4 mg km⁻¹ at 23 °C and 6 mg km⁻¹ at −7 °C. The fleet median NH₃ emission factors were 10 mg km⁻¹ and 21 mg km⁻¹ at 23 and −7 °C, respectively. The obtained results show that even though three-way catalyst (TWC), selective catalytic reduction (SCR), and NOx storage catalyst (NSC) are effective systems to reduce NOx vehicular emissions, they also lead to considerable emissions of the byproducts NH₃ and/or HNCO. It is also shown that diesel light-duty vehicles equipped with SCR can present NH₃ emission factors as high as gasoline light-duty vehicles at both, 23 and −7 °C over the WLTC. Therefore, with the introduction in the market of this DeNOx technology, vehicular NH₃ emissions will increase further.     

浅谈柴油车SSCR技术的应用

SCR(选择性催化还原)技术是降低柴油车NOx排放的重要途径。以尿素水溶液作为还原剂的SCR技术已经较为成熟并泛应用,但仍存在一些技术缺陷,导致其在目前使用以及应对更严格的排放法规方面具有一定的局限性。SSCR(固体SCR)技术将氨气还原剂以固态型式存储,可以有效弥补传统SCR的技术缺陷。本研究对SSCR技术进行简要分析和探讨,对SSCR技术的推广应用具有一定参考意义。     

满足国Ⅴ排放的重型柴油机排气后处理技术

研究了国外重型发动机在欧Ⅳ到欧Ⅴ阶段(或US2007到US2010)的技术路线,并探讨国内重型柴油机达到国Ⅴ排放可采用的排气后处理技术方案。由于柴油机排放物PM与NOx存在折中效应,为达到国Ⅴ排放标准,应采用组合式后处理技术。在各种后处理技术方案中,SCR+DOC+DPF/POC和EGR+DOC+DPF是两种主要的技术措施,而LNT+DOC+DPF技术对排气中的S特别敏感。     

重型柴油机尾气NO_x的SCR概述

随着车辆数目的日益增多,汽车尾气污染日趋严重,为了降低柴油机尾气中NOx对大气的污染,SCR(Selective Catalytic Reduction)是一种有效的控制方法。文中着重对SCR降低柴油机尾气中NOx的还原剂喷射和混合管道进行了优化设计。一般认为,柴油机仅仅依靠机内优化措施不能满足欧Ⅳ排放限值的要求,达到第Ⅳ阶段排放标准必须采用排气后处理系统技术。在众多的柴油机排气后处理措施中,选择性催化还原技术最有前途,尤其针对柴油机的NOx排放。     

柴油机尿素SCR催化器优化设计

运用计算流体力学手段对柴油机SCR催化器内排气流动、尿素水溶液喷射雾化、液滴蒸发、尿素热解和催化剂表面化学反应等整个NOx后处理过程进行了模拟,通过考察不同方案下载体前端面的尿素浓度分布及NOx转化率,研究了还原剂添加位置、喷嘴型式以及催化器入口扩张管形状等因素对催化器系统NOx转化性能的影响,研究结果为催化器的优化设计提供了指导依据。