Path flow estimator for planning applications in small communities

This paper presents an alternative planning framework to model and forecast network traffic for planning applications in small communities, where limited resources debilitate the development and applications of the conventional four-step travel demand forecasting model. The core idea is to use the Path Flow Estimator (PFE) to estimate current and forecast future traffic demand while taking into account of various field and planning data as modeling constraints. Specifically, two versions of PFE are developed: a base year PFE for estimating the current network traffic conditions using field data and planning data, if available, and a future year PFE for predicting future network traffic conditions using forecast planning data and the estimated base year origin–destination trip table as constraints. In the absence of travel survey data, the proposed method uses similar data (traffic counts and land use data) as a four-step model for model development and calibration. Since the Institute of Transportation Engineers (ITE) trip generation rates and Highway Capacity Manual (HCM) are both utilized in the modeling process, the analysis scope and results are consistent with those of common traffic impact studies and other short-range, localized transportation improvement programs. Solution algorithms are also developed to solve the two PFE models and integrated into a GIS-based software called Visual PFE. For proof of concept, two case studies in northern California are performed to demonstrate how the tool can be used in practice. The first case study is a small community of St. Helena, where the city’s planning department has neither an existing travel demand model nor the budget for developing a full four-step model. The second case study is in the city of Eureka, where there is a four-step model developed for the Humboldt County that can be used for comparison. The results show that the proposed approach is applicable for small communities with limited resources.     

城市轨道交通高峰线路客流协同控制方法

在线路客流控制中，需同时考虑各个车站控流方案的可执行性与协同性. 采用 Fisher 最优分割法确定合理客流控制时段，基于此建立以乘客总等待时间最少和旅客周转量最大为目标的线路客流协同控制线性规划模型. 基于成都地铁2 号线AFC数据进行实验，针对协同控流与非协同控流方案，以及不同客流控制时段划分方案下的协同控流方案进行对比实验. 算例中：协同控流方案在旅客周转量下降约1.0%的情况下，乘客总等待时间减少约 56.7%；基于Fisher 最优分割法确定的时段划分方案中协同控流方案在乘客总等待时间方面最优，并具有很好的可执行性.     

The suitability of hedonic models for cost-benefit analysis: Evidence from commuting flows

We compare two estimates of benefits arising from the construction of new bridges in south-west Norway. One estimate comes from a hedonic property value model. Rather than follow an approach which is strictly theoretically correct, we adopt Rosen’s simple first-stage approach. To investigate and validate whether this simplified approach gives a reasonable estimate, we compare it to an estimate derived from a travel demand model. We find that a variant of an ex post hedonic house price model gives very similar estimates to the estimates from the travel demand model. This supports a hypothesis that the simplistic hedonic approach is reasonable.     

成都市宜居水岸工程市级示范段生态化河堤行洪能力分析

成都市宜居水岸工程市级示范段主要涉及由中心城区南河、浣花溪、干河、西郊河四条河道组成的区域水网,汇流条件复杂。通过建立数学模型,模拟河岸生态化改造后的河道行洪情况。经分析表明,示范段生态化河堤行洪能力总体上可满足相应防洪标准,并对河堤生态化改造提出针对性意见。     

轮胎式集装箱门式起重机起升动载系数的研究

对弹性支承的轮胎式集装箱门式起重机的起升动载系数的力学模型、求解方法和计算公式等进行了理论研究和测试验证。理论计算和实际测试结果的比对表明,动态力学模型与实际情况较接近,计算公式和计算方法正确,测试结果可信。     

大型集装箱船船舶尺度的一种确定方法

随着船舶向大型化发展,现有的船舶主尺度之间关系数学模型已不能满足大型船舶的要求,文中依据多艘实船数据,利用曲线拟合的方法建立大型集装箱船船舶主尺度之间关系的数学模型.     

机器人用高精度RV减速机几何回差分析

分析并建立了机器人用高精度ＲＶ减速机几何回差计算的数学模型。并通过计算机模拟与生产实践予以验证。     

灾后恢复阶段多期道路交通网络重建规划

灾后路网重建规划可分为应急阶段和全面恢复阶段。文中建立了灾后恢复阶段多期路网重建规划的双层模型，并采用灵敏度分析方法进行求解。上层模型考虑到建设资源的限制，以工程总效益最大为目标建立多期工程效益模型；下层模型是基于出行时间可靠性的用户均衡分配模型。最后结合实际路网进行了算例分析，证明模型和算法是有效的。     

车桥系统气动特性的节段模型风洞试验研究

侧向风作用下的车桥耦合振动分析需要考虑相互气动影响的车辆和桥梁各自的气动参数。为考虑车辆和桥梁的相互气动影响,在常规桥梁节段模型三分力测试装置的基础上研制了一种三分力分离装置———交叉滑槽系统。该系统利用环形滑槽和直线滑槽交叉点位置的变化来调整车辆和桥梁间的相对几何关系,并能实现车桥系统的同轴转动,从而方便地进行不同攻角情况下气动力的测试。利用交叉滑槽系统通过节段模型风洞试验对车桥系统的气动特性进行了多工况对比研究,讨论了车桥系统的雷诺数效应,分析了车桥间的相互气动作用,比较了车辆在桥上位置的影响。试验结果表明,基于交叉滑槽系统的节段模型风洞试验测试是可行的;车桥间的相互气动作用对车辆和桥梁的气动力有较明显的影响。     

铁路交通中基于通信的无线定位问题分析

简要阐述无线定位的基本原理和在铁路交通中的具体应用和发展趋势 ,对定位误差进行了分析 ,并结合铁路交通定位的特殊性 ,提出适合铁路交通的单、双基站定位方案 ,在定位精度和抗NLOS等方面对各方案进行比较分析。提出建立自适应列车运动轨迹预测模型 ,并对如何提高定位精度进行了分析。