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51.
The role of residential self-selection in land use-travel research: a review of recent findings 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
ABSTRACTResidential self-selection (RSS) is an important concern in the land use-travel research. Although many studies have addressed RSS during the past two decades, empirical results are inconsistent in terms of the existence, magnitude, and direction of self-selection bias. Moreover, recent studies substantiated other plausible associations within the theoretical framework of RSS, such as the endogeneity of travel attitudes. These further complicate the role of RSS in the land use-travel relationship. To improve understanding, this paper summarises recent progress in the RSS research, especially the studies published in the last decade. Specifically, we review three types of influences among the built environment, attitudes, and travel behaviour, and discuss unsolved problems within each type. We also discuss measurement issues of the built environment and attitudes in the RSS research. Because attitudes could be confounders, moderators, and mediators of the link between the built environment and travel behaviour, we recommend panel data with at least three waves of household travel surveys to address the complicated influences of attitudes. Future research needs to be more process-oriented to better understand the nature of RSS and its complex roles in the land use-travel research. 相似文献
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浮标水中姿态的测量是研究浮标性能的重要环节,通过在浮标上安装姿态传感器可以测量浮标的姿态,但姿态传感器的安装误差会影响测量准确性。给出了一种矩阵变换求解浮标姿态的方法,可以在姿态传感器具有较大安装误差时精确地解算出浮标姿态,该方法可以推广至一般水面漂浮物的姿态测量。 相似文献
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在分析传统潮位测量方法和潮位模型缺陷的基础上,给出了GPS在航潮位测量方法。基于GPSRTK动态定位技术,系统地研究了GPS RTK在航潮位测量、数据处理的基本理论和流程,并对潮位测量和数据处理中的GPS RTK高程质量控制、姿态改正、动态吃水改正、潮位提取、垂直基准转换5个关键问题进行了深入研究,最终确定了测量船测量期间的在航潮位。将这些研究成果应用到天津新港航道的在航潮位试验中,2 d的试验结果表明,GPS在航潮位测量方法相对传统的潮位测量方法在实施的简便性、精度等方面具有较大的优越性。鉴于该方法的特点以及航道的特点,建议该方法广泛推广应用于航道在航潮位测量中。 相似文献
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张燕 《武汉船舶职业技术学院学报》2006,5(4):80-83
青少年在接受学校教育过程中常常存在着一些特殊心理活动现象,逆反心理就是其中的一种。如何从学校教育的角度认识逆反心理现象,从教育、心理理论研究的视角探讨青少年客观存在着的心理“逆反”问题,对提高学校教育教学效果具有极其深刻的现实意义。 相似文献
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针对船舶避碰决策行为差异,提出一种运用前景理论求取最佳船舶避碰决策方案的优化方法。在分析避碰行为个体差异的基础上,运用前景理论和多指标灰关联决策相结合的方法,构建考虑驾驶员风险态度的船舶避碰方案选择决策优化模型,以船舶碰撞危险度、航程损失和轨迹平稳性作为决策指标,研究在同一会遇场景下驾驶员不同风险态度的最优避碰方案并进行对比分析。研究结果表明:该模型可优化船舶驾驶员在不同风险偏好下的最优避碰方案选择,将前景理论运用到船舶避碰决策优化中是可行且有效的,能为船舶避碰决策和决策拟人化提供支持。 相似文献
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The Influences of the Built Environment and Residential Self-Selection on Pedestrian Behavior: Evidence from Austin, TX 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
Pedestrian travel offers a wide range of benefits to both individuals and society. Planners and public health officials alike
have been promoting policies that improve the quality of the built environment for pedestrians: mixed land uses, interconnected
street networks, sidewalks and other facilities. Whether such policies will prove effective remains open to debate. Two issues
in particular need further attention. First, the impact of the built environment on pedestrian behavior may depend on the
purpose of the trip, whether for utilitarian or recreational purposes. Second, the connection between the built environment
and pedestrian behavior may be more a matter of residential location choice than of travel choice. This study aims to provide
new evidence on both questions. Using 1368 respondents to a 1995 survey conducted in six neighborhoods in Austin, TX, two
separate negative binomial models were estimated for the frequencies of strolling trips and pedestrian shopping trips within
neighborhoods. We found that although residential self-selection impacts both types of trips, it is the most important factor
explaining walking to a destination (i.e. for shopping). After accounting for self-selection, neighborhood characteristics
(especially perceptions of these characteristics) impact strolling frequency, while characteristics of local commercial areas
are important in facilitating shopping trips. 相似文献