提高国内航行船舶检验质量的措施与方法

国际海事公约是船舶检验工作的主要依据之一,本文介绍船舶法定检验质量管理体系的建立和运行,加强与港澳接轨,保障国内航行船舶检验质量的措施;提出进一步提高国内航行船舶法定检验质量的解决方法,以使国内航行船舶检验工作更好地向国际公约靠拢。     

Seasonal and interannual variation of physical and biological processes during 1994–2001 in the Sea of Japan/East Sea: A three-dimensional physical–biogeochemical modeling study

A Pacific basin-wide physical–biogeochemical model has been used to investigate the seasonal and interannual variation of physical and biological fields with analyses focusing on the Sea of Japan/East Sea (JES). The physical model is based on the Regional Ocean Model System (ROMS), and the biogeochemical model is based on the Carbon, Si(OH)₄, Nitrogen Ecosystem (CoSiNE) model. The coupled ROMS–CoSiNE model is forced with the daily air–sea fluxes derived from the National Centers for Environmental Prediction (NCEP) and the National Center for Atmospheric Research (NCAR) reanalysis for the period of 1994 to 2001, and the model results are used to evaluate climate impact on nutrient transport in Mixed Layer Depth (MLD) and phytoplankton spring bloom dynamics in the JES.The model reproduces several key features of sea surface temperature (SST) and surface currents, which are consistent with the previous modeling and observational results in the JES. The calculated volume transports through the three major straits show that the Korea Strait (KS) dominates the inflow to the JES with 2.46 Sv annually, and the Tsugaru Strait (TS) and the Soya Strait (SS) are major outflows with 1.85 Sv and 0.64 Sv, respectively. Domain-averaged phytoplankton biomass in the JES reaches its spring peak 1.8 mmol N m^− 3 in May and shows a relatively weak autumn increase in November. Strong summer stratification and intense consumption of nitrate by phytoplankton during the spring result in very low nitrate concentration at the upper layer, which limits phytoplankton growth in the JES during the summer. On the other hand, the higher grazer abundance likely contributes to the strong suppression of phytoplankton biomass after the spring bloom in the JES. The model results show strong interannual variability of SST, nutrients, and phytoplankton biomass with sudden changes in 1998, which correspond to large-scale changes of the Pacific Decadal Oscillation (PDO). Regional comparisons of interannual variations in springtime were made for the southern and northern JES. Variations of nutrients and phytoplankton biomass related to the PDO warm/cold phase changes were detected in both the southern and northern JES, and there were regional differences with respect to the mechanisms and timing. During the warm PDO, the nutrients integrated in the MLD increased in the south and decreased in the north in winter. Conversely, during the cold PDO, the nutrients integrated in the MLD decreased in the south and increased in the north. Wind divergence/convergence likely drives the differences in the southern and northern regions when northerly and northwesterly monsoon dominates in winter in the JES. Subjected to the nutrient change, the growth of phytoplankton biomass appears to be limited neither by nutrient nor by light consistently both in the southern and northern regions. Namely, the JES is at the transition zone of the lower trophic-level ecosystem between light-limited and nutrient-limited zones.     

SLOPE/W软件总应力法和有效应力法的应用

按简单条分法和简化毕肖普法,通过算例阐述了SLOPE/W软件总应力法和有效应力法的计算原理和应用,指出SLOPE/W软件虽然在输入时没有区别总应力参数和有效应力参数,但结合输入时是否定义孔隙水压力,用户可以从计算方法的原理上来区别软件是按总应力法还是按有效应力法计算.     

基于Matlab／Simulink和VB的直流调速系统仿真研究

在某改造项目中,需要模拟电机、励磁调节器、电压调节器等设备的运行。在PC环境下,通过VB和Matlab／Simulink混合编程模拟设备功能,通过数据采集卡和CAN通讯卡从外围设备采集数据并与控制分系统通讯。该仿真系统充分发挥了Matlab／Simulink的建模优势,以及VB编程能力强和人机界面友好的特点,实现了对设备的很好模拟,在项目中得到成功应用。     

高速铁路安全技术综述

安全是交通领域永恒的主题,针对当前中国高速铁路发展的大好机遇,本文对高速铁路的安全技术进行了分析和总结,阐述了高速铁路系统运行的特点以及安全监控技术的现状和特点,并试探性地提出了高速铁路安全技术亟待解决的关键问题.     

地铁牵引供电框架保护及功能性改造

针对广州地铁1号线不能远程区分框架保护类型和不能远程复归的状况,结合西门子S5系列PLC技术、SINAUT技术、牵引供电技术,对框架保护进行功能性改造,大大减少了框架保护故障的处理时间.改造技术方案主要通过研究数据的传递方式、协议转换、控制逻辑关系,修改组态软件、监控程序、接口程序、PLC程序的方式来实现.     

直线电机轮轨交通系统牵引坡度及启/制动距离计算研究

直线电机轮轨交通是一种采用直线感应电机LIM牵引的新型城市轨道交通形式.在分析直线电机轮轨系统列车牵引和制动特性的基础上,从列车受力分析的角度,建立直线电机线路参数分析的模型;利用该模型,计算得到直线电机轮轨线路的安全牵引坡度及启/制动距离.     

AIS与VTS的雷达／ARPA信息融合的研究与实现

分析了信息融合的必要性,并在信息融合基本原理的基础上,提出了信息融合的步骤,采用模糊数学中正态型隶属度函数算法实现AIS与VTS的雷达/ARPA信息融合,解决了不同设备处理同一信息的差异问题。     

STCW78/10公约对航海技术专业人才培养的影响及对策

在概述STCW78/10公约对航海技术专业人才培养产生较大影响的基础上,本文介绍了我国履约的准备情况,提出航海技术专业人才培养应从培养模式、培养途径、培养规格、课程体系和教学手段与方法五个方面进行调整和改革的措施,以应对公约修改对航海人才培养的影响.     

直升机舰上起降安全的影响因素研究

舰载直升机的起降安全涉及到舰机两方面,且影响因素较多。本文首先对舰载直升机起降安全因素进行了系统分析,梳理了其关键影响因素舰船空气流场中各特性参数对直升机操作性能的影响。然后介绍了用于舰船空气流场测量的三种典型方法,对舰船空气流场的深入研究有重要指导意义,并可为机舰动态配合研究提供参考。