水利枢纽通航水流条件研究

根据实际工程的水工模型试验资料,分析枢纽工程运行期的闸门调度、机组组合运行和导航墙长度对口门区通航水流的影响,提出改善通航水流条件的枢纽运行方式。     

三峡工程下游引航道通航水流条件试验

三峡工程枢纽泄洪产生水面波动和船闸泄水产生非恒定流,对下游引航道通航条件,尤其是对升船机的运行构成影响。泄洪在口门区及连接段产生的斜流对通航的影响很大,采用斜流的特征值并结合船模航行的斜流效应特征值,有效地分析了口门区及连接段的通航水流条件。采取修改航线措施对改善斜流影响有一定的效果。     

大准铁路煤炭运量分析

用比较全面的数据介绍了蒙西地区煤炭资源生产和消费的基本情况,研究了鄂尔多斯市煤炭的产量、分布以及铁路和公路的运输情况,重点分析了煤炭外运的格局和铁路通道规划,在分析了鄂尔多斯市煤炭外运通道功能和大准铁路吸引范围的基础上,综合分析确定了研究年度大准铁路所承担的煤炭运量。     

季节冻土区防冻胀护道对保温路基地温特征影响效果研究

运用土壤冻结条件下水热耦合输移基本方程及数值方法,考虑在铺设保温层情况下,加铺防冻胀护道对路基地温特征的影响规律,并与未加铺防冻胀护道的情况进行对比分析。结果表明:铺设保温材料对减小路基中部附近土体季节冻结深度有明显作用,但对路基两侧冻结深度影响相对较小;加铺防冻胀护道对边坡下土体季节冻结深度有一定程度的抬升作用,上升幅度由路基坡脚向路肩逐渐减小,但对路基中部附近土体季节冻结深度影响甚微;保温板-防冻胀护道复合路基结构形式,充分利用两种措施优点,对路基中心、路肩以及坡脚下最大冻结深度抬升的综合效果更好,抬升最大值分别为1.48、1.01、0.68 m。     

Seasonal and interannual variation of physical and biological processes during 1994–2001 in the Sea of Japan/East Sea: A three-dimensional physical–biogeochemical modeling study

A Pacific basin-wide physical–biogeochemical model has been used to investigate the seasonal and interannual variation of physical and biological fields with analyses focusing on the Sea of Japan/East Sea (JES). The physical model is based on the Regional Ocean Model System (ROMS), and the biogeochemical model is based on the Carbon, Si(OH)₄, Nitrogen Ecosystem (CoSiNE) model. The coupled ROMS–CoSiNE model is forced with the daily air–sea fluxes derived from the National Centers for Environmental Prediction (NCEP) and the National Center for Atmospheric Research (NCAR) reanalysis for the period of 1994 to 2001, and the model results are used to evaluate climate impact on nutrient transport in Mixed Layer Depth (MLD) and phytoplankton spring bloom dynamics in the JES.The model reproduces several key features of sea surface temperature (SST) and surface currents, which are consistent with the previous modeling and observational results in the JES. The calculated volume transports through the three major straits show that the Korea Strait (KS) dominates the inflow to the JES with 2.46 Sv annually, and the Tsugaru Strait (TS) and the Soya Strait (SS) are major outflows with 1.85 Sv and 0.64 Sv, respectively. Domain-averaged phytoplankton biomass in the JES reaches its spring peak 1.8 mmol N m^− 3 in May and shows a relatively weak autumn increase in November. Strong summer stratification and intense consumption of nitrate by phytoplankton during the spring result in very low nitrate concentration at the upper layer, which limits phytoplankton growth in the JES during the summer. On the other hand, the higher grazer abundance likely contributes to the strong suppression of phytoplankton biomass after the spring bloom in the JES. The model results show strong interannual variability of SST, nutrients, and phytoplankton biomass with sudden changes in 1998, which correspond to large-scale changes of the Pacific Decadal Oscillation (PDO). Regional comparisons of interannual variations in springtime were made for the southern and northern JES. Variations of nutrients and phytoplankton biomass related to the PDO warm/cold phase changes were detected in both the southern and northern JES, and there were regional differences with respect to the mechanisms and timing. During the warm PDO, the nutrients integrated in the MLD increased in the south and decreased in the north in winter. Conversely, during the cold PDO, the nutrients integrated in the MLD decreased in the south and increased in the north. Wind divergence/convergence likely drives the differences in the southern and northern regions when northerly and northwesterly monsoon dominates in winter in the JES. Subjected to the nutrient change, the growth of phytoplankton biomass appears to be limited neither by nutrient nor by light consistently both in the southern and northern regions. Namely, the JES is at the transition zone of the lower trophic-level ecosystem between light-limited and nutrient-limited zones.     

浅谈北方地区道路翻浆的成因及防治

结合工程实践分析了我国北方地区道路翻浆成因,并提出了多种防治措施。     

车辆加载情况下静荷载测试

对于桥梁静荷载试验,试验规范推荐的分级加载方法不能确保在分级加载过程中桥梁结构的多个控制截面同时是安全的。将所有加载车的加载位置比拟成一个广义的点,使得安全动态加载的问题转化成求解安全加载域边界的几何问题,从而很容易计算出安全加载路径。分析安全加载域的定义及计算。     

上海地区洪涝灾害的特点和防治对策探讨

面临全球气候变暖、自然灾害严重而频繁的趋势和建设现代化国际大都市提出的新要求,上海的防汛防台形势和任务将越来越严峻和繁重。该文从上海水的基本情况、气候、地理条件和水资源时空分布不均的规律,分析和总结了上海地区洪涝灾害的六个基本特点,针对薄弱环节和新的形势要求,提出了“转变三个思想观念;落实四个层次责任;树立五个责任目标;执行六个不放过规定”的对策,从思想、观念、目标和机制上,探讨在总体上提高上海防御洪涝灾害能力的思路与具体措施。     

杭州湾跨海大桥高墩区引桥箱梁设计

杭州湾跨海大桥高墩区引桥是连接航道桥和低墩区引桥的桥梁,按其所处位置分为4段,分别是南航道桥南、北引桥和北航道桥南、北引桥,均采用70 m整孔预制吊装的预应力混凝土连续箱梁结构。     

高寒地区沥青路面开裂形态与成因分析

以高寒地区沥青路面开裂调研资料为基础,对高寒地区沥青路面开裂病害进行形态描述与成因分析,归纳总结出该类地区沥青路面的主要开裂破坏形式,对高寒地区沥青路面结构与材料的研究工作具有指导作用,同时对类似地区公路建设中沥青路面结构与材料设计也具有借鉴作用。