Effect of Seismic Parameters on the Safety Factor for an Underground Cavern北大核心CSCD

In order to quantitatively evaluate the safety of the surrounding rock of an underground cavern under seis-mic load, a comprehensive evaluation method for the stability of surrounding rock is proposed based on the general safety factor and point safety factor. A calculation method for the general safety factor of a cavern based on the prin-ciple of shear strength reduction of a rock mass is given, the run-through of the plastic zone between the main power-house and main transformer room is presented as a critical criterion for the overall instability of the cavern, and the general safety factor is obtained by searching for the reduction coefficient. A point safety factor calculation method based on the Mohr-Coulomb yield criterion is given. The influence of different seismic input parameters on the general safety factor of the cavern and the point safety factor of key positions are studied based on an underground power-house cavern of a hydropower station in Southwest China. The results show that the quantitative evaluation method for the stability of the surrounding rock based on the safety factor is feasible and can reflect the general safety de-gree and local safety degree of different positions of the cavern for different working conditions. It is found that the general safety factor of the cavern and the point safety factor of key positions decrease with an increase of the ampli-tude and duration of a seismic wave while they increase with an increase of the incident angle; additionally, the low frequency of a seismic wave has a great influence on the cavern while the high frequency has little effect. © 2018, Editorial Office of "Modern Tunnelling Technology". All right reserved.     

The accuracy of proxy responses in a stated choice setting: A re-examination and some controversial conclusions

Data is typically gathered from an individual respondent who represents the group or the household. This individual is often identified as the “primary decision maker” and is asked to provide responses as a proxy for the group given that the cost of interviewing each member individually is impractical and/or expensive. The collection of joint preferences is rarely undertaken, with the use of proxy responses not uncommon in travel behaviour research. Under such a framework, there exists an assumption that the primary decision maker has perfect knowledge of other group member preferences, and bargaining behaviour, and is able to synthesise this information when providing a response on their behalf. The validity of such an assumption however remains an open question, with recent research calling the reliability of proxy responses into account (Bateman and Munro, 2009). In this paper, using three models estimated in willingness to pay space, we examine the accuracy of proxy responses in a stated choice experiment. We find that there is overlap between a proxy response and the own preferences of the individual providing the proxy choice, but while the proxy responses fail to represent the full preference heterogeneity that exists in the actual choices made by individuals, the proxy responses in aggregate provide a suitable replacement for actual data, subject to a number of caveats.     

考虑流场影响下破冰船艏部结构响应研究

通常考虑船-冰碰撞附连水的水动力效应有附加质量法和流固耦合法。本文建立了破冰船破冰场景,基于流固耦合法进行了数值仿真计算,分析了水域流场对船体的冲击压力变化、流场的速度分布变化以及流场的动能变化。同时与附加质量法的计算结果进行了比较,对比分析了船艏的碰撞力大小、损伤变形以及局部冰载荷等差异,揭示了流场对船-冰碰撞的影响规律,对于破冰船结构设计具有重要的参考价值。     

液压升降装置机液伺服系统响应特性分析

本文针对大惯量、大功率特性的液压升降装置起动时,存在快速响应和稳定性较难兼顾的突出问题,分析了阀控柱塞缸特性及机液伺服系统原理,建立了机液伺服系统的控制数学模型,运用经典控制理论分析方法,得出系统开环、闭环传递函数,并在时域内开展了阶跃信号输入下的系统响应特性分析,明确了影响系统性能的参数设计原则,为实际工程设计提供理论依据。     

美标高桩码头抗震计算位移法的对比

从原理和适用性的角度对美标高桩码头抗震计算方法进行对比,着重研究了位移法及其中的替代结构法。对替代结构法中推覆曲线的双折线化方式、阻尼比计算、反应谱衰减等影响因素进行分析。通过推覆分析和替代结构法计算变形能力和地震位移、复核码头抗震性能。结合实际案例,采用反应谱法和替代结构法对某高桩码头结构进行抗震分析。结果表明反应谱法趋于保守,不能反映塑性后的荷载衰减,相比而言替代结构法更为准确。而对于替代结构法,不同的等效阻尼比会较大程度影响地震位移结果。     

张紧器的结构参数对顶张式立管动力响应的影响研究

本文针对带液压气动式张紧器的顶张式立管,综合考虑浮式平台-张紧器-立管之间的运动关系、液压气柱的张力-冲程非线性关系、立管的真实截面布置以及采油树的作用,建立更加符合工程实际的三维有限元分析模型,并通过与实验结果对比验证了该模型的正确性。基于该有限元模型,研究了张紧器的结构参数对顶张式立管动力响应的影响。结果表明:活塞和活塞杆的直径以及高压气体的初始压强对立管的动力响应影响最大;低压气体的初始压强以及液压气柱和立管之间的夹角对立管的动力响应也有重要影响;在相同的环境条件下,高压气体和低压气体的初始体积对立管的动力响应的影响较小。     

上游静止柱体对圆柱体结构尾激振动的影响

文章运用半隐式特征线分裂算子有限元算法对串列布置的静止上游柱体和下游圆柱的尾激振动问题进行了数值模拟研究。数值结果表明:上游柱体结构的形状、尺寸比(d/D)和折减速度(Ur)三个参数对下游圆柱体结构的动力响应、运动轨迹与涡脱落模态有着显著的影响,且与单圆柱工况相比存在明显区别;随着尺寸比的增大,上/下游柱体结构之间的互扰作用会由流致效应逐渐转变为尾流效应,使得频率特性发生变化,并会导致下游圆柱体结构的振动响应增强;当d/D=0.5和1.0时,下游圆柱体结构的运动轨迹主要为“8”字形;当d/D=1.5时,除了“8”字形外,运动轨迹还会呈现双弯刀形、“双8”字形和不规则形状。通过对流体力系数与位移时程曲线及位移PSD曲线特性进行分析,揭示了其相互作用的内在机理。另外,下游圆柱体结构的尾流场特性也会随参数的变化而变化,其涡脱落模态主要为2S、P+S和2P三种。     

发射型钹式换能器的研究

为分析低频钹式换能器的发射电压响应、辐射声功率、发射效率等性能参数,通过ANSYS有限元软件建立了发射换能器的轴对称模型,设计了不同结构参数的共振频率为2kHz左右发射型钹式换能器,从结构阻尼入手,通过仿真分析计算,得到换能器的带宽、品质因数等,比较了不同结构参数的换能器的各项性能,绘制了不同结构参数的发射电压响应曲线,为分析设计钹式换能器提供了理论依据。     

波浪作用下海洋立管试验研究及ANSYS数值模拟

海洋立管在石油工业生产中有着非常广泛的应用,同时也是薄弱易损的构件之一。立管管内有高温高压的流体流过,管外承受海洋环境荷载尤其是波浪荷载的作用,受力比较复杂。由于中国大部分的海上油田水深都比较浅,所以重点研究浅水中的海洋立管。运用相似理论将实际立管模型缩放为试验模型,在管内流体流动及管外波浪荷载作用下,测量立管动力响应,并与Ansys有限元数值模拟结果进行了比较。     

自动驾驶中座椅旋转速度对乘员的影响

为提高自动驾驶车辆的安全性,提出用一种旋转速度曲线把座椅旋转至指定角度,研究此旋转速度下的乘员生物力学响应.首先,根据所建立的碰撞模型与假人试验数据进行对比验证;其次,改变座椅旋转方向和速度研究乘员旋转至指定位置乘员的生物力学响应.结果表明:在200 ms内采用等腰梯形旋转速度曲线旋转至±45°和±90°不会引起乘员额...