平面交叉口中的交通岛设计方法初探

摘要：论文首先讨论了不同类型交通岛的特点及其适用性，然后从交通岛的形状、大小、鼻端设计等方面，针对平面交叉口中的交通岛设计方法进行了详细的分析研究，提出了交通岛的设计方法。     

平面交叉口中的交通岛设计方法初探

论文首先讨论了不同类型交通岛的特点及其适用性,然后从交通岛的形状、大小、鼻端设计等方面,针对平面交叉口中的交通岛设计方法进行了详细的分析研究,提出了交通岛的设计方法。     

采用完全分离法编制工程工程量清单

工程建设实行单价承包，招标人根据审核后的施工图及施工图预算编制招标工程工程量清单，让投标人根据招标文件内容进行投标和报价。但清单单价中是否包含甲供料，几方均不太清楚，对后期工程管理不利。此文从设计角度出发，阐述包含甲供料清单存在的问题和不含甲供料清单具有的优点。通过探索提出采用完全分离法编制不合甲供料的清单的方法。这种完全分离法编制的纯单价清单，更有利于量价分离、风险共担。     

Rolling horizon stochastic optimal control strategy for ACC and CACC under uncertainty

This paper presents a rolling horizon stochastic optimal control strategy for both Adaptive Cruise Control and Cooperative Adaptive Cruise Control under uncertainty based on the constant time gap policy. Specifically, uncertainties that can arise in vehicle control systems and vehicle sensor measurements are represented as normally-distributed disturbances to state and measurement equations in a state-space formulation. Then, acceleration sequence of a controlled vehicle is determined by optimizing an objective function that captures control efficiency and driving comfort over a predictive horizon, constrained by bounded acceleration/deceleration and collision protection. The optimization problem is formulated as a linearly constrained linear quadratic Gaussian problem and solved using a separation principle, Lagrangian relaxation, and Kalman filter. A sensitivity analysis and a scenario-based analysis via simulations demonstrate that the proposed control strategy can generate smoother vehicle control and perform better than a deterministic feedback controller, particularly under small system disturbances and large measurement disturbances.     

大型综合交通枢纽流线组织设计

大型综合交通枢纽在实现各种功能的同时,如何打造便捷舒适的交通流线组织,实现车流、人流的快捷疏散,是规划设计中需要高度重视的问题。结合深圳北站综合交通枢纽工程的总体规划设计,对人流和车流组织进行优化设计,提出人流组织的基本要点和措施,阐述“人车分流”、“无缝接驳”的设计理念,突显流线组织在综合枢纽设计中的核心地位,并最终实现乘客在5 min内无缝换乘各种交通工具的设计目标。     

Cycleways and footpaths: What separation is needed for equivalent air pollution dose between travel modes?

Cycling and walking are being promoted in many urban areas as alternatives to motorised transport for health, environmental, and financial reasons. The reduced congestion and resulting decrease in the overall amount of pollution reduced can be expected to result in health benefits for the community. However, active commuters, due to their increased respiration rates and often increased travel times can expect to receive larger doses of air pollution compared with those using motorised forms of transport. However, given the large dropoff in concentrations away from a road, it can be expected that significant reductions can be achieved even with relatively small increases in separation between the path of cyclists/pedestrians and motor vehicles.This study presents a simple methodology for calculating the separation needed for cyclists and pedestrians to experience the same air pollution dose as car commuters. An example is given based on carbon monoxide (CO) data collected in a field campaign consisting of a car driver, a cyclist and a pedestrian travelling on a 2600 metre loop of road in Auckland. For this case study, the estimated distance from the centreline needed for cyclists and pedestrians to receive an equivalent dose of CO as motorists was found to range from 5.8 to 14.2 m depending on the commuting mode and the dispersion state of the atmosphere at the site. This was equal to a CO concentration reduction of 0.1–0.14 ppm per metre. Recommendations on facility modifications and route selections have been made to make active mode commuting safer.     

土压平衡盾构施工污水净化处理技术研究

土压平衡盾构工程施工过程中会产生大量污水,若未经处理直接排放将对周围的环境造成一定的污染。特别是在市区施工,环境保护要求高,施工场地狭小,若采用传统多级平流沉淀池进行污水自然沉淀,已很难满足城市污水排放要求和施工需要。文章针对盾构法施工污水排放问题介绍了一种新的污水净化处理系统,施工污水经过该系统处理后可以直接排放到城市下水道;其处理后的产物——清水,可以循环利用,具有很好的社会经济效益;该系统并具有处理效率高、性价比高等特点。