新时期乡镇政府职能转变的路径选择

文章阐述了新时期乡镇政府应树立依法行政、为民服务、勇担责任的理念,树立科学发展观和政绩观,建立法治政府、服务政府、责任政府、高效政府,促使乡镇职能由全面管理型向公共服务型转变,建设公共服务型政府,实现乡镇职能转移到优化环境,引导发展,优质服务,注重民生,化解矛盾,促进和谐上来。     

中央政府在城市交通可持续发展中的角色

中国城市交通问题已经不仅仅是拥堵、噪音、尾气等地方层面的问题,它涉及宏观经济发展、农田保护、金融体系稳定、能源安全、碳排放等国家甚至国际层面的问题。由于这些溢出问题的存在,中央政府应重新审视其在城市交通方面的作用与职责。对此,世界银行提出,中央政府可从城市交通政策导向、公交发展支持、最佳实践奖励、交通绩效标杆与评估系统、交通投融资体制改革以及城市交通示范项目等方面发挥作用。大力发展高效的公共交通是中国可持续城市交通战略的核心工作,要在有效的商业运营前提下满足社会目标、保证服务质量。保持民营部门与公共部门之间的合作互补关系是中央和地方政府所应共同做出的努力。     

价值工程在政府采购中的应用研究

政府采购历来是人们所关心的话题 ,文中首先分析了我国政府采购的现状 ,指出我国目前政府招标采购评标时普遍采用的综合评价法不尽合理 ;针对这个问题 ,文中把价值工程法应用于深圳某区采购的发电机评标定标中 ,并通过与综合评标方法比较 ,得出了价值工程方法更合理的结论     

An analysis on long term emission benefits of a government vehicle fleet replacement plan in northern illinois

There have been a number of studies of the effectiveness of vehicle scrappage programs, which offer incentives to accelerated scrappage of older vehicles often thought to be high emitters. These programs are voluntary and aimed at replacement of household vehicles. In contrast, there is a gap in knowledge related to the emissions benefits of government fleet replacement (retirement) programs. In this study, the efficacy of a fleet replacement program for a local government agency in Northern Illinois, the Forest Preserve of DuPage County (FPDC), is examined using a probabilistic vehicle survival model that accounts for time-varying covariates such as vehicle age and gasoline price. The vehicle lifetime operating emissions are calculated based on the estimated vehicle survival probabilities from the survival model and compared with those derived using the EPA default fleet used in MOBILE6 and the fleet represented by the Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL) survival curve. The results suggest that while there may be short term emission benefits of the FPDC fleet replacement plan, the long-term emission benefits are highly sensitive to economic factors (e.g., future gasoline price) and exhibit a decreasing trend. This indicates that an adaptive multi-stage replacement strategy as opposed to a fixed one is preferable to achieve optimal cost effectiveness.

我国政府在对外直接投资中的功能分析

当前,随着跨国公司的全球一体化战略、我国入世和国民经济的快速发展,在国内外机遇与压力并存的情况下,为了适应经济全球化,我国政府必须加快实施对外直接投资战略。为此,各级政府部门应从加快立法、完善宏观管理和产业引导、争取有利的国际环境、加大对企业的服务与支持等方面完善其功能,从而为我国企业对外直接投资创造更好的投资环境。     

江苏省省级交通运输节能减排专项资金项目的企业类型分析及管理对策研究

为了规范和加强江苏省交通运输节能减排专项资金的使用、管理和监督,提升行业节能减排监管和服务能力,结合近三年江苏省交通运输节能减排专项资金项目申报情况,首先对交通运输不同类型企业的补助金额及规律进行了分析,其次针对江苏省交通运输能源消耗结构,分析了能源消耗领域的差别,最后通过对江苏省交通运输节能减排专项资金政策引导作用及社会效益的 分析,研究了企业管理对策并提出改进措施。三年来,江苏省省级交通运输节能减排专项资金项目共节约能耗量54 593.736t 标准煤,节约替代燃料量78 642.529t 标准油,取得了较好的社会经济效益和行业内企业示范效果。研究结果表明,加强政府政策引导、规范企业管理制度、确保项目库建设常态化和做好第三方服务对加快江苏省交通运输节能减排工作的进展有重要意义。     

安徽省二级公路收费存在的问题及对策研究

分析了安徽省二级公路收费存在收费规模大、收费标准高、收费效益差、收费站点设置不合理、债务负担沉重等具有普遍性的问题。针对这些问题,从我国公路发展方向及提高整个公路网的运行效益等角度,提出应尽快撤除二级公路收费站点;从收费公路兼具公共性和商品性两重属性出发,提出政府财政应承担部分债务的偿还;结合《收费公路管理条例》相关内容,提出实行收费公路“统贷统还”以及二级公路与高速公路捆绑还贷等策略。这些研究结论对解决目前二级公路收费存在的问题具有参考价值。     

An Assessment of Integrated Coastal Management Governance and Implementation Using the DPSIR Framework: KwaZulu-Natal,South Africa

Coastal areas are under increasing pressure driven by demands for coastal space, primarily though population growth, in migration and the need for space for socioeconomic activities. The pressures and associated changes to the coastal environment need to be managed to ensure long-term sustainability. South Africa has enacted an Integrated Coastal Management Act (ICM Act) to facilitate dedicated management of its coastal environment. The implementation has been met with a number of challenges, primarily relating to financial and human capacity constraints, particularly at the local government level. Given that the ICM Act devolves powers to local government, it is imperative that implementation challenges be addressed. This paper focuses on KwaZulu-Natal, one of four South African coastal regions, which is a renowned tourist destination and home to 11.1 million people (Statistics South Africa 2015 Statistics South Africa. 2015. Mid-Year Population Estimates. Statistical release P0302. Pretoria, South Africa: Statistics South Africa. [Google Scholar]). This paper considers the state of coastal management, as well as implementation challenges being experienced at a local governance level, and highlights ways to address these. Data were acquired through questionnaire surveys and semistructured interviews. The Drivers-Pressures-State-Impact-Response (DPSIR) framework was used to identify relevant ICM issues and concerns and develop potential actions for improving the implementation of coastal management activities and the ICM Act. In the assessment of the ICM governance and implementation to date, a key concern identified was a general lack of coastal management knowledge among officials. It was specifically identified that knowledgeable management and capacity-building required championing from the provincial government in order to more efficiently and effectively implement the objectives of the ICM Act through an improved understanding of the coastal environment, its functioning and management.     

逆向物流外部效应及其政府干预研究

逆向物流具有准公共物品的特征,由此决定了它还具有正外部效应和负外部效应．正是由于负外部效应的存在,导致逆向物流系统的资源配置迭不到帕雷托最优状态．本文在界定逆向物流外部效应的基础上,提出了政府干预逆向物流以实现外部效应内在化的措施,指出了政府干预的利弊,并对此过程中政府和企业的博弈关系进行了分析。     

水上安全监督管理长效运行机制的探讨

以广东省水域发生的三起重特大水上交通事故为例,对现有水上安全监督管理体制及传统的监督管理措施进行更深层次的思考,认为引入和实行“引导型政府职能模式”,是目前建立我国水上安全监督管理长效的运行机制的关键．