The multinomial logit model revisited: A semi-parametric approach in discrete choice analysis

The multinomial logit model in discrete choice analysis is widely used in transport research. It has long been known that the Gumbel distribution forms the basis of the multinomial logit model. Although the Gumbel distribution is a good approximation in some applications such as route choice problems, it is chosen mainly for mathematical convenience. This can be restrictive in many other scenarios in practice. In this paper we show that the assumption of the Gumbel distribution can be substantially relaxed to include a large class of distributions that is stable with respect to the minimum operation. The distributions in the class allow heteroscedastic variances. We then seek a transformation that stabilizes the heteroscedastic variances. We show that this leads to a semi-parametric choice model which links the linear combination of travel-related attributes to the choice probabilities via an unknown sensitivity function. This sensitivity function reflects the degree of travelers’ sensitivity to the changes in the combined travel cost. The estimation of the semi-parametric choice model is also investigated and empirical studies are used to illustrate the developed method.     

Capacity drops at merges: An endogenous model

The Newell-Daganzo merge model is not only very simple but also accurately reproduces experimental findings. However, the capacity downstream of the merge is an exogenous variable in the model. This is a serious limitation for merges that behave as active bottlenecks because their downstream capacity is a direct consequence of the merging behavior. This paper proposes an analytical model that extends the Newell-Daganzo model by incorporating, endogenously, the capacity drop related to the merging process. Two cases are investigated depending on the traffic states on the on-ramp. The model properties are analyzed and a sensitivity analysis is performed to quantify the relative contribution of the each parameter in the capacity drop. Finally, the extended Newell-Daganzo model is validated with experimental data coming from an active merge bottleneck on the M6 freeway in UK.     

视角受限传感器网络强栅栏覆盖判定算法

栅栏覆盖研究如何分配网络时空资源来确保移动目标穿越监控区域时被监测．本文通过视角受限节点传感方向的调整,设计一种分布式算法以判定网络能否提供强栅栏覆盖．算法主要思想是利用节点及邻居节点的物理位置关系构建强／弱栅栏对．另外,本文设计贪心策略优先选择邻居节点数多的候选节点构建强栅栏路径．仿真实验证明：本算法可以较小代价判定并改善网络强栅栏覆盖性能．     

模拟退火算法在供应链生产调度中的应用

研究一个简单供应链中的生产调度问题,目的是找到一个合理生产排序使得单位时间的成本最小,建立该问题的单目标非线性规划模型。运用模拟退火算法,结合邻域搜索进行求解,最后举例验证算法的有效性。     

城市公交站点自行车对公交车的干扰行为研究

以北京市两个不同类型的典型公交站点为例,研究了公交站点处自行车对公交车的干扰行为,并建立了不同因素影响下自行车对公交车的干扰行为模型,进而对其进行验证.最后,提出了几点减少公交站点处自行车对公交车干扰的建议.     

铁路枢纽内客运站分工的优化模型及算法

为了合理分配引入高速和城际客运专线的铁路枢纽内客运站的接发旅客列车任务,以始发终到客流在各客运站之间的分配、始发终到和通过客流的运行路径为决策变量,以最小化枢纽内始发终到和通过旅客的费用为目标,以客运站始发终到能力和通过能力、铁路线路旅客列车通过能力、旅客运输需求为约束条件,建立了客运站分工多目标非线性混合整数规划模型.考虑铁路枢纽内运行路径少的特点,设计了基于枚举法、多最短路和线性规划的精确求解算法.算例表明,该方法能够对3个客运站的接发旅客列车数量进行定量分配,始发终到能力占用率分别为100%、64.5%和69.3%,通过能力占用率分别为78.7%、65.9%和25%.     

图书超期原因的矩阵模型研究

在对数据进行分析的基础上,运用统计方法建立超期数的分布矩阵模型,然后根据各种图书的种类和超期天数对超期原因的影响,运用了加权的思想,利用经验数据分别对不同类别和超期天数的3种原因进行加权赋值,从而得到超期原因矩阵模型。     

FWD在旧水泥混凝土路面弯拉弹性模量检测中的应用研究

结合莞深高速公路K0+000～K41+000段改扩建工程勘测设计的实际需要,按我国现行的相关技术规范要求,采用FWD的先进检测手段,对该路段水泥混凝土路面面板的动态弯沉及弯沉盆进行现场测定,在参考国内外研究成果的基础上,建立了弯拉弹性模量反算的数学模型,为旧路大修工程设计提供了路面性能评价依据和设计参数.     

半承载式客车车身骨架动静态特性分析

建立了板梁单元相结合的客车有限元模型,通过静态电测试验验证了模型的准确性.计算静态条件下对车身骨架影响较大的扭转状态下的应力、弯矩、扭矩分布,并通过观察车身骨架的变形获悉客车结构的静态特性.对客车骨架进行谐响应分析,以考察发动机怠速运转时,悬置点以及地板上不同位置的动力响应随频率的变化关系,得出对客车结构影响较大的频率...     

基于LS-DYNA的船舶下水动力学研究

文章采用动力学方法,利用LS-DYNA的流固耦合功能,考虑了船舶下水的惯性力、水动力以及船体水下形状等因素,对船舶下水过程进行了三维有限元数值模拟。与传统静力学方法比较,动力学方法不仅能够准确的预报船舶在下水过程中的受力情况,而且能够得到船舶下水过程中瞬时速度、加速度及浮态,能够适应现代造船质量控制的要求。