自主式水下潜器海洋环境监测系统技术概念

介绍了被誉为未来海洋卫星的自主式水下潜器ＡＵＶ（Ａｕｔｏｎｏｍｏｕｓ Ｕｎｄｅｒｗａｔｅｒ Ｖｅｈｉｃｌｅｓ）的国外发展新动态、自主式海洋采样网络ＡＯＳＮ（Ａｕｔｏｎｏｍｏｕｓ Ｏｃｅａｎ Ｓａｍｐｌｉｎｇ Ｎｅｔｗｏｒｋ）和海洋中的“卫星”技术概念和应用前景。     

交通建设项目环境保护设施配置的经济合理性研究

文章主要针对交通建设项目如何经济合理地配置环境保护设施的问题研究,分析了目前交通建设项目环境保护设施配置中普遍存在的"配置不当、资源浪费"等问题,结合宁夏盐池～兴仁公路建设项目介绍现有可借鉴的成熟经验,并对公路降噪配置、公路沿线绿化工程的经济性问题进行了探讨研究。     

酸性环境干湿循环条件下膨胀土的膨胀特性及微观作用分析

弄清酸雨及干湿循环共同作用下膨胀土的膨胀性能及其微结构与矿物成分的变化，对研究酸雨区膨胀土的基本性质劣化及工程问题意义重大。为此，以广西酸雨重灾区百色原状膨胀土为对象，模拟酸雨（pH=3，5，7）与干湿循环（n=1，2，3，4）两者共同作用的环境，开展了无、有荷膨胀率试验，并采用扫描电镜（SEM）、压汞仪（MIP）和X射线衍射仪（XRD）分析了该环境下试样的微结构及矿物成分的演变规律。研究结果表明：酸性环境使试样的膨胀率增大，溶液的pH值越小，膨胀率越大；随干湿循环作用次数的增加，不同溶液环境下试样的膨胀率均先增大后趋于稳定，且2次作用后的增幅最大；经酸性环境与干湿循环共同作用试样的膨胀率增大更多，溶液pH值为3和5，经2次干湿循环后其膨胀率比pH值为7的分别增长了24.7%和7.9%；上覆压力能明显抑制试样膨胀率的增长，设定测试压力越大，该值下降越显著。酸性环境与干湿循环共同作用下膨胀率增大的机理可通过微观结构分析作出解释：酸性环境作用下膨胀土中游离SiO₂，Al₂O₃，K₂O，MgO，CaO等胶结物出现不同程度的溶蚀和淋滤，削弱了叠聚体结构间的联结作用，使面面叠聚结构的排列趋于分散，微孔隙体积及数目不断增大，同时遭受干湿循环作用后，土中微孔隙加速发育，土颗粒与溶液水间化学反应更剧烈，致使其膨胀变形进一步增大。因此，酸雨重灾区的膨胀土工程建设，必须考虑酸性环境与干湿循环共同作用造成的膨胀土基本性质劣化的不利影响。     

复杂电磁环境下装备指挥效能评估分析

应用模糊综合评判法,通过定性评估与定量评估相结合的分析方法,对复杂电磁环境下的装备指挥效能评估进行了研究.针对复杂电磁环境下装备指挥的特点,设计了装备指挥效能评估指标体系模型,通过分析计算得出的结果表明,模糊综合评判法应用于复杂电磁环境下装备指挥效能评估是可行的.     

桥梁工程建设对生态环境的影响

通过分析桥梁工程在建设过程中，各施工环节对当地生态环境造成的不良影响，提出改善措施，达到建设与环保相和谐且可持续发展的目标。     

港口与城市环境及资源的协调发展度研究

随着我国港口和城市建设的不断发展,在生态环境和资源利用方面港城间的矛盾日益明显,如何协调两者之间的发展已成为目前迫切需要解决的课题。为此,以大连市为例,从建立港城协调发展度模型入手,对港口与环境及资源之间协调的程度进行评判,从而为指导港口和城市的可持续发展提供了决策依据。     

模糊层次分析法在高技术企业创业环境评价中的应用

研究高技术企业创业环境评价问题，运用系统分析方法构建了高技术企业创业环境评价指标体系，在此基础上深入研究了模糊层次分析法在高技术企业创业环境评价中的具体运用．结果表明模糊层次分析法是高技术企业创业环境评价的一个新的、有效的方法，最后对模糊层次分析法应用的局限性作了简要的分析．     

Alternative Modeling Approaches Used for Examining Automobile Ownership: A Comprehensive Review

Abstract

Household vehicle ownership, and the associated dimensions including fleet size, vehicle type and usage, has been one of the most researched transport topics. This paper endeavors to provide a critical overview of the wide-ranging methodological approaches employed in vehicle ownership modeling depending on the ownership representation over the past two decades. The studies in the existing literature based on the vehicle ownership representation are classified as: exogenous static, exogenous dynamic, endogenous static and endogenous dynamic models. The methodological approaches applied range from simple linear regressions to complex econometrics formulations taking into account a rich set of covariates. In spite of the steady advancement and impressive evolution in terms of methodological approaches to examine the decision process, we identify complex issues that pose a formidable challenge to address the evolution of vehicle ownership in the coming years. Specifically, we discuss challenges with data availability and methodological framework selection. In light of these discussions, we provide a decision matrix for aiding researchers/practitioners in determining appropriate model frameworks for conducting vehicle ownership analysis.     

Identification of potential sites for deep-ocean waste isolation with a geographic site-selection model

Identification of optimal sites for the isolation of waste on the abyssal seafloor was performed with two approaches: by the traditional method of map overlays of relevant attributes, and by a specially developed, automated Site-Selection Model (SSM). Five initial, Surrogate Sites, identified with the map-overlay approach, were then compared with the more rigorously produced scores from the SSM. The SSM, a process for optimization of site locations, accepts subjective, expert-based judgments and transforms them into a quantitative, reproducible, and documented product. The SSM is adaptable to any siting scenario. Forty-one factors relevant to the isolation scenario, including 21 weightable factors having a total of 123 scorable categories, have been entered into the SSM. Factors are grouped under project definition, unique environments, anthropogenic, geologic, biologic, weather, oceanographic and distance criteria. The factor scores are linked to a georeferenced database array of all factors, corresponding to 1°×1° latitude–longitude squares. The SSM includes a total of 2241 one-degree squares within 1000 n.m. of the U.S. coasts, including the western North Atlantic, the Gulf of Mexico, and the eastern North Pacific. Under a carefully weighted and scored scenario of isolation, the most favorable sites identified with the SSM are on the Hatteras and Nares Abyssal Plains in the Atlantic. High-scoring sites are also located in the Pacific abyssal hills province between the Murray and Molokai Fracture Zones. Acceptable 1° squares in the Gulf of Mexico are few and of lower quality, with the optimum location on the northern Sigsbee Abyssal Plain. Two of the five Surrogate Site locations, on the Hatteras and Sigsbee Abyssal Plains, correspond to the best SSM sites in each ocean area. Two Pacific and a second Atlantic Surrogate Site are located in low-scoring regions or excluded by the SSM. Site-selection results from the SSM, although robust, are an initial attempt to quantify the site-selection process. The SSM database exposes a significant lack of high-quality information for many areally mappable attributes on the abyssal seafloor, particularly bottom-current speed and measures of biologic productivity and flux. Terminologies and classifications of some measures, such as sediment types, suffer from parochialism and vary by ocean. Considerable research is needed even for a broad understanding of the environmental measures required to make sound societal decisions about use of the abyssal seafloor for disposal or other purposes.     

南河综合整治工程设计浅析

通过分析南京市南河综合整治工程设计,初探城市河道水环境综合整治设计思路和一些重难点问题的解决方案,以期为其他类似工程提供借鉴和参考.