Will a driving restriction policy reduce car trips?—The case study of Beijing,China

A driving restriction policy, as one of the control-and-command rationing measures, is a politically acceptable policy tool to address traffic congestion and air pollution in some countries and cities in the world. Beijing is the first city in China to implement this policy. A one-day-a-week driving restriction scheme was expected to take 20% of cars off the road every week day. Using household survey and travel diary data, we analyze the short-term effect of this driving restriction policy on individual travel mode choice. The data also allow us to identify which demographic groups are more likely to break the restriction rule. The estimates reveal that the restriction policy in Beijing does not have significant influence on individuals’ decisions to drive, as compared with the policy’s influence on public transit. The rule-breaking behavior is constant and pervasive. We found that 47.8% of the regulated car owners didn’t follow the restriction rules, and drove “illegally” to their destination places. On average, car owners who traveled during peak hours and/or for work trips, and whose destinations were farther away from the city center or subway stations, were more likely to break the driving restriction rules. Therefore, Beijing is probably in need of more comprehensive and palatable policy instruments (e.g., a combination of congestion tolls, parking fees, fuel taxes, and high-speed transit facilities) to effectively alleviate traffic congestion and air pollution.     

里双桥重建工程道路改建方案设计

合理的横断面形式、平纵线形指标、路基路面设计是城市道路改建中的关键。结合苏州老城区道路改建项目,针对现状建设条件、交通量预测结果,推荐采用三块板断面布置形式。通过拆除原侧分带、压缩非机动车道形式,使现状双向四车道实现双向六车道,同时新建侧分带保留了四排绿化,充分考虑了老城区道路绿化景观需求。拓宽新建段一般路基设计采用20 cm C20混凝土处理,路面设计根据现状弯沉值推荐了两种方案,为城市道路改建工程提供经验参考。     

We can all get along: The alignment of driver and bicyclist roadway design preferences in the San Francisco Bay Area

Two trends in the United States—growth in bicycling and enthusiasm for complete streets—suggest a need to understand how various roadway users view roadway designs meant to accommodate multiple modes. While many studies have examined bicyclists’ roadway design preferences, there has been little investigation into the opinions of non-bicyclists who might bicycle in the future. Additionally, little research has explored the preferences of the motorists who share roads with cyclists—despite the fact that motorists compose the vast majority of roadway users in the United States and similarly developed countries.This paper presents results from an internet survey examining perceived comfort while driving and bicycling on various roadways among 265 non-bicycling drivers, bicycling drivers, and non-driving bicyclists in the San Francisco Bay Area. Analysis of variance tests revealed that both drivers and bicyclists are more comfortable on roadways with separated bicycling facilities than those with shared space. In particular, roadways with barrier-separated bicycle lanes were the most popular among all groups, regardless of bicycling frequency. Striped bicycle lanes, a common treatment in the United States, received mixed reviews: a majority of the sample believed that they benefit cyclists and drivers through predictability and legitimacy on the roadway, but the lanes were rated significantly less comfortable than barrier-separated treatments—particularly among potential bicyclists.These findings corroborate research on bicyclists’ preferences for roadway design and contribute a new understanding of motorists’ preferences. They also support the U.S. Federal Highway Administration’s efforts to encourage greater accommodation of bicyclists on urban streets.     

驼峰直流轨道电路短路故障点快速定位装置

本文介绍了一种驼峰直流轨道电路短路故障快速定位装置，此装置为作者在现场工作中长期探索并研制而成。该装置可使驼峰电子轨道电路短路所造成的设备故障点的查找更便捷准确，实践证明其安全、有效、实用。     

船用断路器短路分断能力的换算

断路器的额定短路分断能力是由制造厂提供的，该断路器在额定频率和规定的功率因素下的分断能力值。在船舶交流电力系统中，短路时的功率因数较低，一般COSφ为0．1-0．2，为此，在设计中选用断路器时，要进行其短路分断能力换算，本文介绍船用断路器短路电流分断能力的换算。     

Estimating the bus user time benefits of implementing a median busway: Methodology and case study

This paper presents a general framework to estimate the bus user time benefits of a median busway including the effects on travel time and access time. Unlike previous models, we take into account the effects of geometry and the interaction with the demand structure. Models for predicting the bus in-vehicle time benefits of a median dual carriageway busway against mixed traffic condition on 2 and 3 lanes roads are estimated using data from a case study in Santiago (Chile), using a bus travel time model empirically estimated and considering different base case situations, including mixed traffic operations and bus lanes. Results of the application show that the expected in-vehicle time savings of a median busway might be reduced by access time losses due to increased walking distances and road crossing delays. Also, that net time benefits can vary significantly according to the base situation and the structure of demand considered. These findings point out to the need of including a wider set of impacts when studying the benefits of median busways, beyond in-vehicle time savings only. The empirical work presented here is completely based on passive data coming from GPS and smartcards, what makes easier and cheaper to conduct this type of analysis as well as to do it with a comprehensive scope at an early stage of the development of a BRT project. This framework can be extended to other types of dedicated bus lanes provided that a corresponding bus travel time savings model is available.     

三峡水库主要通航支流船舶定线制的设计原则和基本方法

本文参照国际海事组织关于船舶定线制的设计规范和标准,依据《中华人民共和国内河交通安全管理条例》、《中华人民共和国内河避碰规则》等法律、法规,对三峡水库通航支流船舶定线制的设计原则和基本方法,进行了探索和研究。     

三峡水库通航支流实行船舶定线制的必要性和可行性分析

随着三峡工程及一批支流航电枢纽的建设,部分三峡水库通航支流航道条件得到了明显的改善,为改善三峡水库通航支流水域的通航状况,切实解决三峡水库通航支流水域船舶航行、停泊和作业安全出现的新情况,使库区通航支流水上交通事故降低到最小,有必要以三峡水库通航支流水域环境为研究对象,通过对库区航道通航支流水域各种通航条件的深入研究,采取各种措施,确保船舶在三峡水库通航支流航道的安全航行。     

改善矮主墩连续刚构结构受力的措施及可行性探讨

提出并分析改善矮主墩连续刚构结构受力的措施,以计算实例对比分析了各种措施的实施效果,探讨不同措施的实施可行性。     

实现精益造船的三结合方法

介绍实现精益造船以产品为导向的工作分解、成组技术、工艺过程线的三结合方法,以及评议精益造船的三个度量标准。