双洞双向8车道公路隧道的方案比选

结合双洞双向8车道大跨度公路隧道的设计和施工,从技术可行性、经济效益和社会效益方面对3个备选方案进行了比较,并采用综合评分法进行了定量化评价,推荐采用暗挖分离式小净距隧道方案,可以在确保隧道交通功能的前提下,实现经济效益和社会效益的双赢。     

短束预应力钢绞线张拉伸长值控制方法

短束预应力钢绞线在施工中很容易出现超限的问题,即实测伸长值与理论伸长值的比值超出现行公路桥涵规范中6%的规定,分析了超限产生的原因,并提出了在施工中加强控制的合理建议。     

区域公路网出行者信息服务短信发布方法研究

提出了公路出行者信息服务短信发布的设计方法,从信息需求分析、信息采集、信息传输、信息处理和信息发布5个方面对发布设计方法和设计流程进行了研究,然后在此基础上,重点研究了公路出行者信息服务短信发布的方案设计。     

人行道设计建议——以南京市相关调查为例

城市道路设计中,多以满足机动车行驶需求为核心,对人行道的设计不够重视,产生如人行道局部缺失、设置不连续或不合理、过街人行道数量不足或缺失等问题,以致人行设施服务水平不高,制约了城市道路的整体服务水平。分别从宏观规划和微观设计两方面探讨了步行友好型城市的未来。在宏观规划方面,提出优良的步行网络应该具有的6要素;在微观设计方面,以南京市为例,针对人行道设计中的人行道宽度、与非机动车道的分离措施、附属设施设计、与换乘车站连接等方面进行了分析,并对目前城市道路设计规范中的有关内容提出改善建议。     

Development and comparison of choice models and tolling schemes for high-occupancy/toll (HOT) facilities

A high-occupancy/toll (HOT) lane is an increasingly popular form of traffic management strategy which reserves a set of freeway lanes for HOVs and transit users, while allowing low-occupancy vehicles (LOVs) to enter for a fee. In turn, HOT lanes maintain a minimal level of service by regulating the volume of entering LOVs. The focus of this paper is how to model the choice process of individual drivers, which dictates the volume of LOVs that choose to pay and take the HOT lane. Such models and the insights they provide can be very helpful for the toll setting process. Two simple formulations (an all-or-nothing assignment and an additive logit model) are compared with a proposed formulation based on the population value of time (VOT) distribution. Both static and dynamic toll setting algorithms are studied based on the proposed lane choice model, and their performance is compared under deterministic traffic behavior.     

Characterization and comparison of traffic flow on reversible roadways

Reversible traffic operations have become an increasingly popular strategy for mitigating traffic congestion associated with the directionally unbalanced traffic flows that are a routine part of peak commute periods, planned special events, and emergency evacuations. It is interesting that despite its widespread and long‐term use, relatively little is known about the operational characteristics of this form of operation. For example, the capacity of a reversed lane has been estimated by some to be equal to that of a normal lane while others have theorized it to be half of this value. Without accurate estimates of reversible lane performance it is not possible to confidently gauge the benefits of reversible roadways or model them using traffic simulation. This paper presents the results of a study to measure and evaluate the speed and flow characteristics of reverse‐flow traffic streams by comparing them under various operating conditions and locations. It was found that, contrary to some opinions, the flow characteristics of reverse‐flowing lanes were generally similar to normally flowing lanes under a variety of traffic volume, time‐of‐day, location, and type‐of‐use conditions. The study also revealed that drivers will readily use reversible lanes without diminished operating speeds, particularly as volumes increase. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Developing intermodal transport for small flows over short distances

Intermodal road-rail freight transport works best within markets with relatively large flows occurring over long distances, which corresponds poorly to the current demand for transport in the European Union. The purpose of this paper is to compare the capabilities of conventional European intermodal transport, with special reference to the competitiveness in markets with small flows over short distances, and to explore innovative concepts. Using a technological systems approach, key functions are identified as being the inducement and blocking mechanisms that affect the development and diffusion path of this 'small flows over short distances' (SFSD) system, providing a tool for empirical delineation of the system. These concepts are illustrated and analysed through a case study of the Swedish development project Light-combi. The results show that market and financial uncertainties, insufficient network connectivity and policies favouring the existing technology paradigm, severely hamper the development and diffusion of SFSD systems.     

软弱围岩隧道短台阶法开挖数值模拟与监测分析

文章依托炎汝高速公路花子坳隧道施工实例,利用有限元模型对隧道Ⅴ级围岩深埋段短台阶法动态开挖过程的应力及位移变化情况进行了数值模拟分析。实测结果表明：短台阶法施工效果良好,围岩压力及拱顶下沉、周边收敛变形均在可控范围内。     

借用公交专用道左转的主预信号控制方案优化

设置有路中式公交专用道的交叉口进口道存在因公交与其他车辆两股平行车流在路口同时左转、直行和右转而形成的多路交织现象,传统信号控制方案已无法消除这类交叉口相位放行造成的交织冲突问题。为解决该问题,设计了一种借用公交专用道左转的新型交叉口,规定了各流向车辆的运行规则,同时设计了主信号与预信号相位方案及相互协调配时关系。具体来说,根据公交直行车辆和其他左转、直行车辆的到达-驶离图式,分别建立各流向不同情况下车辆的延误与停车次数计算方法,以交叉口车均延误与车均停车次数加权的当量费用最小为目标,建立交叉口信号配时优化模型。为验证该优化控制策略的有效性,结合算例对传统控制方案和优化控制方案进行比较,并分析等待区长度对车辆排队演化过程的影响,确定优化方案适用场景。结果表明：相对于传统方案,优化方案增加了交叉口的通行能力,使得车均当量费用下降比例达到了32.3%;参数灵敏度分析显示,主信号等待区长度宜设置为80 m。所提出的控制策略通过借用公交专用道左转,提高了交叉口的利用效率,最大限度地降低了对公交优先策略实施的影响,能够完全消除设置有路中式公交专用道交叉口相位放行中的交通交织冲突现象,以保证交叉口行车安全。     

爆破振动下小净距隧道围岩的力学行为分析

文章运用数值分析计算软件,对小净距隧道中既有隧道受邻近隧道爆破震动影响的动力响应特性进行分析,得出了爆破地震波作用下,隧道周边围岩应力、位移和振动速度的分布规律,为小净距隧道的设计与安全施工提供科学依据。