信号控制平面交叉口通行能力与信号周期之间的关系

探讨了信号控制交叉口的通行能力与信号周期之间的关系,研究发现信号交叉口进口道的通行能力并不一定随信号周期之增加而增加;给出进口道通行能力与信号周期之间关系的判断准则,并运用该准则进一步分析整个交叉口的通行能力与信号周期的关系。     

Prediction of Axial Capacity of Concrete-Filled Square Steel Tubes Using Neural Networks

The application of artificial neural network to predict the ultimate bearing capacity of CFST （ concrete-filled square steel tubes） short columns under axial loading is explored. Input parameters consiste of concrete compressive strength, yield strength of steel tube, confinement index, sectional dimension and width-to-thickness ratio. The ultimate bearing capacity is the only output parameter. A multilayer feedforward neural network is used to describe the nonlinear relationships between the input and output variables. Fifty-five experimental data of CFST short columns under axial loading are used to train and test the neural network. A comparison between the neural network model and three parameter models shows that the neural network model possesses good accuracy and could be a practical method for predicting the ultimate strength of axially loaded CFST short columns.     

Investigating preference heterogeneity in Value of Time (VOT) and Value of Reliability (VOR) estimation for managed lanes

This paper presents an empirical study in investigating user heterogeneity of Value of Time (VOT) and Value of Reliability (VOR). Combined Revealed Preference (RP) and Stated Preference (SP) data were used to understand traveler choice behavior regarding the usage of managed lanes (MLs). The data were obtained from the South Florida Expressway Stated Preference Survey, which focused on automobile drivers who had traveled on the I-75, I-95, or SR 826 corridors in South Florida. Mixed logit modeling was applied and indicated an average value of $13.55 per hour for VOT and $16.13 per hour for VOR. Potential sources of heterogeneity in user sensitivities to time, reliability, and cost were identified and quantified by adding interaction effects of the variables in the mixed logit model. The findings indicated that various socioeconomic demographic characteristics and trip attributes contributed to the variations in VOT and VOR at different magnitudes. The results of this study contribute to a better understanding on what attributes lead to higher or lower VOT and VOR and to what extent. These findings can be incorporated into the demand forecasting process and lead to better estimates and enhanced analytical capabilities in various applications, such as toll feasibility studies, pricing strategy and policy evaluations, and impact analysis.     

大城市合乘优先的规划方法研究

针对我国大城市及中心区的交通特征,分析合乘优先规划的影响因素;借鉴世界发达国家实施合乘优先的经验,提出合乘优先的规划内容;以上海市中心区为试点,依据规划方法与相关交通调查,提出了上海市中心区合乘优先规划建议。     

Real time traffic flow outlier detection using short-term traffic conditional variance prediction

Outliers in traffic flow series represent uncommon events occurring in the roadway systems and outlier detection and investigation will help to unravel the mechanism of such events. However, studies on outlier detection and investigations are fairly limited in transportation field where a vast volume of traffic condition data has been collected from traffic monitoring devices installed in many roadway systems. Based on an online algorithm that has the ability of jointly predict the level and the conditional variance of the traffic flow series, a real time outlier detection method is proposed and implemented. Using real world data collected from four regions in both the United States and the United Kingdom, it was found that outliers can be detected using the proposed detection strategy. In addition, through a comparative experimental study, it was shown that the information contained in the outliers should be assimilated into the forecasting system to enhance its ability of adapting to the changing patterns of the traffic flow series. Moreover, the investigation into the effects of outliers on the forecasting system structure showed a significant connection between the outliers and the forecasting system parameters changes. General conclusions are provided concerning the analyses with future work recommended to investigate the underlying outlier generating mechanism and outlier treatment strategy in transportation applications.     

Variation in the value of travel time savings and its impact on the benefits of managed lanes

This paper examines the variation in the value of travel time savings (VTTS) for travelers with a managed lane (ML) option when taking an ordinary trip versus a trip that is unusual in some way. VTTS estimates vary substantially depending on the urgency of the trip made. At the low end, the mean VTTS for a traveler who wants to make extra stops and still arrive on time is approximately 10% higher than that for an ordinary trip. At the high end, a traveler running late for an appointment shows a mean VTTS that is approximately 300% higher than that for an ordinary trip. These estimates vary widely over the population of travelers. In light of these variations, the value of an uncongested travel alternative (such as MLs) is examined and found to be greatly undervalued if using typical VTTS estimates.     

Nonlinear multivariate time–space threshold vector error correction model for short term traffic state prediction

We propose Time–Space Threshold Vector Error Correction (TS-TVEC) model for short term (hourly) traffic state prediction. The theory and method of cointegration with error correction mechanism is employed in the general design of the new statistical model TS-TVEC. An inherent connection between mathematical form of error correction model and traffic flow theory is revealed through the transformation of the well-known Fundamental Traffic Diagrams. A threshold regime switching framework is implemented to overcome any unknown structural changes in traffic time series. Spatial cross correlated information is incorporated with a piecewise linear vector error correction model. A Neural Network model is also constructed in parallel to comparatively test the effectiveness and robustness of the new statistical model. Our empirical study shows that the TS-TVEC model is an effective tool that is capable of modeling the complexity of stochastic traffic flow processes and potentially applicable to real time traffic state prediction.     

组团城市快速通道体系研究——以太仓市为例

基于长三角一体化发展背景,以太仓市为例,研究组团城市快速通道分布体系。研究显示与单中心城市相比,“组团式”城市的交通出行特征有显著差异性,主要以组团联系和组团内部交通为主,大流量廊道基本沿着组团OD走向,但又存在中间大量的郊区段并伴随一定的潮汐交通现象。研究表明:组团城市建设快速路是完全可行的,快速路的选线上要兼顾组团联系为主,形态上以服务大客运OD为主。另外快速路的末端可采用快捷路（或主干路）衔接,延伸快速路敷设范围,近期保证设施效益的最大化,远期也可快捷路快速化改造,实现城市快速路网络化布局的可能。     

The evaluation of high occupancy vehicle lanes on sun yat‐sen freeway in Taiwan

This study proposes a methodological framework to incorporate latent factors, including direct and indirect perceptions, as the explanatory variables in a discrete choice models using revealed preference and stated preference data sets. The methodology requires the estimation of a model system comprising of a discrete choice model and the structural and measurement equations of a latent variable model. The application involves the evaluation of responses to the new high occupancy vehicle (HOV) lanes on the Sun Yat‐Sen Freeway in Taiwan. The results obtained from this study provide valuable insights into the planning and assessment of HOV lanes.     

特殊短区间站内电码化的设计

提出站间无信号点,且区间长度小于列车制动距离的特殊短区间的站内电码化设计方案,采用增加正线反方向发车进路电码化,正线反方向接车进路及接近区段电码化按追踪码序设计的方法,既保证行车安全、可靠又满足特殊短区间条件下的运输作业效率,经过几年来的运用,取得良好的效果。