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The term ‘scenario’ is used in the safety field to designate a prototype or a model of an accident process characterised by chains of facts, actions, causal relations and consequences in terms of damage to people and property. The prototypical scenarios, properly realized, provide a basis on which to consider the action to be taken, but also a concrete backup for accident information for use in information campaigns or training. The objective of this study is to define the prototypical accident scenarios for a particular configuration of road intersection: the skewed intersection. Limited sight distance at skewed intersections leads to safety issues. A non-skewed intersection provides the best operating conditions as drivers can easily sense the direction in which they are travelling, estimate the speeds of the opposing traffic and smoothly complete a maneuver in shorter time. In skewed intersections, instead, the ability of drivers to recognize any conflicting vehicles diminishes in comparison to right-angle intersections. The logical-deductive approach used in this paper for the determination of accident scenarios is based on an analysis of a large database of incidents, which occurred on several roads in eastern Sicily on 35 skewed intersections at three-legs. The skew angle of the minor leg of all the intersections studied is between 15° and 20°. This research allowed to develop accident scenarios related to particular configurations of intersections, compatible with the Italian rules. Prototypical scenarios are constructed using samples of accidents occurring on a particular type of study area, especially when they are based on files from in-depth investigations. The method used is an inductive approach, based on an examination of each case, grouping together similar cases and building a prototypical scenario using this case grouping. From the in-depth analysis of database accidents 9 prototypical accident scenarios have been identified for the skewed intersections. 相似文献
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为了提高排阵式交叉口这一非常规信号交叉口的运行效率,对其延误和最佳周期进行分析。首先针对先直行后左转、先左转后直行和直行左转交替通行3种信号相位相序,通过对排序区内车辆驶入、驶离、受信号控制阻滞等车流运行情况的分析,构建可反映排阵式交叉口车辆2次停车启动的车均延误计算模型。通过仿真对比可知,左转和直行延误估算误差均在10%范围内。在此基础上,以交叉口总延误最小为目标,考虑清空时长、主、预信号相位差、绿灯时长等约束条件,建立排阵式交叉口最佳周期理论模型。针对不同排阵式控制进口道数量设置的情况,通过对最佳周期的拟合分析,建立最佳周期简化模型。与理论模型相比,最佳周期简化模型的拟合优度在0.935～0.972范围内。通过模型对比和案例分析,对最佳周期简化模型的优化效益和稳定性进行检验。研究结果表明:在非饱和状态下,建立的最佳周期模型的平均误差和均方误差分别为2.13%和2.39%,均小于Webster模型和HCM2010模型的计算结果,具有较高的准确性和稳定性,案例中可降低车均延误36.46%;相较于传统信号控制交叉口,建议排阵式交叉口采用较小的周期时长,且当关键流量比大于0.6时尤为显著,分析中发现最佳周期减小14.53%～34.65%。 相似文献
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基于模糊控制的城市交叉路口群信号控制及仿真 总被引：8，自引：0，他引：8
提出一种基于模糊逻辑控制的交叉路口群信号控制器, 通过收集由交叉路口检测器获得的车流量信息制定模糊控制规则, 给出交叉路口绿灯相位和相位转换次序, 以控制路口信号, 并与相邻路口的信号进行协调。仿真结果表明, 该控制器能适应多个路口的车流变化, 减少车辆平均延误。 相似文献
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基于冲突的公路平面交叉口驾驶行为研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
考虑每种驾驶行为对交叉口安全产生的影响不同,采用数据统计的方法赋予每种驾驶行为不同的权重。依据实际调查数据,统计分析交叉口各种驾驶行为的分布,提出驾驶行为特征值的分析方法和模型,并以驾驶行为特征值为自变量,建立了驾驶行为与冲突的关系模型,模型表明冲突率和驾驶行为特征值能够较好的符合线性关系． 相似文献
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为明确城市干路交叉口汽车右转的轨迹特性和轨迹曲率模式,使用无人机在重庆市4个城市道路交叉口上方进行高空拍摄。利用图像分析方法采集了右转车辆的轨迹数据,包括时间、行驶速度和轨迹坐标等,通过对相邻轨迹点外接圆半径的计算得到轨迹曲率。运用轨迹线-车道边缘线的间距值分析了右转车辆轨迹通过位置分布与交叉口几何布局之间的关系,明确了交叉口右转车辆轨迹的曲率特性。运用聚类方法识别了右转车辆的6种轨迹曲率形态,确定了不同轨迹曲率形态下的常见驾驶行为,并研究了车辆行驶速度与轨迹曲率的相关关系。研究结果表明：①交叉口几何布局（包括路缘半径、车道宽度和出口车道数）对右转轨迹通过位置分布存在影响;②带渠化设计的右转专用道可以限制轨迹分布范围,减少右转交通的冲突和延误;③在右转过程中公交车辆较小型汽车所需侧向空间更大,轨迹分布的离散程度更低;④轨迹曲率的关键点与圆曲线设计中的主要点变化趋势不一致;⑤车辆加速度与轨迹曲率变化率呈负相关关系,相关系数为-0.843 5;⑥行驶速度与等效半径存在正相关关系,车辆行驶速度越快,圆曲线内轨迹的等效半径越大。 相似文献
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考虑网联自动驾驶车辆(Connected Autonomous Vehicle, CAV)应用先进的车联网与自动驾驶技术,可以采用智能交叉口的组织形式,大幅提升交叉口的通行效率,为降低CAV与人工驾驶车辆(Human-driven Vehicle, HV)混行条件下城市交通系统的整体出行成本,提出智能交叉口在城市交通网络中的布局优化问题,建立数学优化模型并求解。首先,基于对两类车辆行驶特性的分析,建立混合用户均衡模型,描述CAV与HV的路径选择行为;其次,从交通规划者的角度,以系统最优为目标,整合混合用户均衡模型,建立面向新型混合交通流的智能交叉口网络布局优化模型,并利用改进的遗传算法求解;最后,选取Sioux-Falls交通网络作为案例分析,验证模型与算法的有效性,并研究CAV渗透率变化对优化结果的影响。研究表明,智能交叉口在城市路网中的合理规划极大地提高了新型混行场景下城市交通系统的出行效率,同时,大幅降低了由于网联自动驾驶单方面技术优势带来的CAV与HV的出行效率差距,增进了出行公平性。 相似文献
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The turning behavior is one of the most challenging driving maneuvers under non-protected phase at mixed-flow intersections. Currently, one-dimensional simulation models focus on car-following and gap-acceptance behaviors in pre-defined lanes with few lane-changing behaviors, and they cannot model the lateral and longitudinal behaviors simultaneously, which has limitation in representing the realistic turning behavior. This paper proposes a three-layered “plan-decision-action” (PDA) framework to obtain acceleration and angular velocity in the turning process. The plan layer firstly calculates the two-dimensional optimal path and dynamically adjusts the trajectories according to interacting objects. The decision layer then uses the decision tree method to select a suitable behavior in three alternatives: car-following, turning and yielding. Finally, in the action layer, a set of corresponding operational models specify the decided behavior into control parameters. The proposed model is tested by reproducing 210 trajectories of left-turn vehicles at a two-phase mixed-flow intersection in Shanghai. As a result, the simulation reproduces the variation of trajectories, while the coverage rate of the trajectories is 88.8%. Meanwhile, both the travel time and post-encroachment time of simulation and empirical turning vehicles are similar and do not show statistically significant difference. 相似文献
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The average delay experienced by vehicles at a signalized intersection defines the level of service (LOS) at which the intersection operates. A major challenge in this regard is the ability to accurately estimate all the components underlying the overall control delay, including the uniform, incremental and initial queue delays. This paper tackles this challenging task by proposing a novel exact model of the uniform control delay component with a view to enhancing the accuracy of the existing approximate models, notably, the one reported in the Highway Capacity Manual 2010. Both graphical and analytical proofs are employed to derive exact closed‐form expressions for the uniform control delay at undersaturated signalized intersections. The high degree of accuracy of the proposed models is analysed through extensive simulations to demonstrate their abilities to exactly characterize the performance of real‐life intersections in terms of the resulting vehicle delay. Unlike the existing widely adopted uniform delay models, which tend to overestimate the LOS of real‐life intersections, the delay models introduced in this paper have the merit of exactly capturing such a LOS. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
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This paper presents a probabilistic delay model for signalized intersections with right‐turn channelization lanes considering the possibility of blockage. Right‐turn channelization is used to improve the capacity and to reduce delay at busy intersections with a lot of right‐turns. However, under heavy traffic conditions the through vehicles will likely block the channelization entrance that accrues delay to right‐turn vehicles. If the right‐turn channelization gets blocked frequently, its advantage in reducing the intersection delay is neglected and as a result the channelization lane becomes inefficient and redundant. The Highway Capacity Manual (HCM) neglects the blockage effect, which may be a reason for low efficiency during peak hours. More importantly, using HCM or other standard traffic control methods without considering the blockage effects would lead to underestimation of the delay. To overcome this issue, the authors proposed delay models by taking into account both deterministic and random aspects of vehicles arrival patterns at signalized intersections. The proposed delay model was validated through VISSIM, a microscopic simulation model. The results showed that the proposed model is very precise and accurately estimates the delay. In addition, it was found that the length of short‐lane section and proportion of right‐turn and through traffic significantly influence the approach delay. For operational purposes, the authors provided a step‐by‐step delay calculation process and presented approach delay estimates for different sets of traffic volumes, signal settings, and short‐lane section lengths. The delay estimates would be useful in evaluating adequacy of the current lengths, identifying the options of extending the short‐lane section length, or changing signal timing to reduce the likelihood of blockage. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献