Estimation of Probability of Swarming Pedestrians Violation at Signalized Intersections in Developing Cities

We made an on-site investigation about pedestrian violation of traffic violation decision and the impact of the number of pedestrians in colony that the probability of pedestrian violation rose with the waiting time for simulating mixed vehicles and pedestrians and used the on-site investigation data to validate the model.When traffic volume is light,the error between the simulated values and the measured ones is 2.47%.When traffic volume is heavy,the error is 3.38%.     

基于蒙特卡罗数值模拟的信号交叉口可靠性研究

在可靠性理论的基础上引入交叉口可靠性的概念和功能函数及其可靠性的模型,采用蒙特卡罗数值模拟的计算方法求解其可靠度,并编写相应的计算程序,其结果表明,蒙特卡罗法计算过程简便合理,为城市道路交叉口的可靠性研究和科学评价提供了行之有效的方法.     

信号控制交叉口自行车流体扩散模型

如何确定信号控制交叉口自行车的通行能力对交叉口配时和渠化设计有重要意义。揭示了信号控制交叉口自行车流的运行特性,建立了自行车流体扩散模型,对不同交叉口宽度、不同信号配时的混合交通条件下交叉口自行车通行能力进行计算,得出交叉口宽度与自行车通行能力呈负线性相关。通过自行车流体扩散影响分析,得出自行车对机动车、尤其是同向右转及对向左转车辆的通行能力影响较大的结论。最后,根据哈尔滨市4个信号控制交叉口实际调查数据,得到考虑机动车影响的信号控制交叉口自行车通行能力计算结果,并与北京市观测值进行了对比。     

Pre-timed control for an under-saturated and over-saturated isolated intersection: a Bee Colony Optimization approach

In this paper we study the problem of determining the optimum cycle and phase lengths for isolated signalized intersections. Calculation of the optimal cycle and green phase lengths is based on the minimization of the average control delay experienced by all vehicles that arrive at the intersection within a given time period. We consider under-saturated as well as over-saturated conditions at isolated intersections. The defined traffic signal timing problem, that belongs to the class of combinatorial optimization problems, is solved using the Bee Colony Optimization (BCO) metaheuristic approach. The BCO is a biologically inspired method that explores collective intelligence applied by honey bees during the nectar collecting process. The numerical experiments performed on some examples show that the proposed approach is competitive with other methods. The obtained results show that the proposed approach is capable of generating high-quality solutions within negligible processing times.     

Optimal vehicle speed trajectory on a signalized arterial with consideration of queue

Vehicle speed trajectory significantly impacts fuel consumption and greenhouse gas emissions, especially for trips on signalized arterials. Although a large amount of research has been conducted aiming at providing optimal speed advisory to drivers, impacts from queues at intersections are not considered. Ignoring the constraints induced by queues could result in suboptimal or infeasible solutions. In this study, a multi-stage optimal control formulation is proposed to obtain the optimal vehicle trajectory on signalized arterials, where both vehicle queue and traffic light status are considered. To facilitate the real-time update of the optimal speed trajectory, a constrained optimization model is proposed as an approximation approach, which can be solved much quicker. Numerical examples demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed optimal control model and the solution efficiency of the proposed approach.     

SIV-DSS: Smart In-Vehicle Decision Support System for driving at signalized intersections with V2I communication

In this paper, we present a Smart In-Vehicle Decision Support System (SIV-DSS) to help making better stop/go decisions in the indecision zone as a vehicle is approaching a signalized intersection. Supported by the Vehicle-to-Infrastructure (V2I) communications, the system integrates and utilizes the information from both vehicle and intersection. The effective decision support models of SIV-DSS are realized with the probabilistic sequential decision making process with the capability of combining a variety of advantages gained from a set of decision rules, where each decision rule is responsible to specific situations for making right decisions even without complete information. The decision rules are either extracted from the existing parametric models of the indecision zone problem, or designed as novel ones based on physical models utilizing the integrated information containing the key inputs from vehicle motion, vehicle-driver characteristics, intersection geometry and topology, signal phase and timings, and the definitions of red-light running (RLR). In SIV-DSS, the generality is reached through physical models utilizing a large number of accurate physical parameters, and the heterogeneity is treated by including a few behavioral parameters in driver characteristics. The performance of SIV-DSS is evaluated with systematic simulation experiments. The results show that the system can not only ensure traffic safety by greatly reducing the RLR probability, but also improve mobility by significantly reducing unnecessary stops at the intersection. Finally, we briefly discuss some relevant aspects and implications for SIV-DSS in practical implementations.     

Proposed collision warning system for right-turning vehicles at two-way stop-controlled rural intersections

At two-way stop-controlled (TWSC) rural intersections, a right-turning driver who is departing the minor road may select an improper gap and subsequently may be involved in a rear-end collision with another vehicle approaching on the rightmost lane on the major road. This paper provides perceptual framework and algorithm design of a proposed infrastructure-based collision warning system that has the potential to aid unprotected right-turning drivers at TWSC rural intersections. The proposed system utilizes a radar sensor that measures the location, speed, and acceleration of the approaching vehicle on the major road. Based on these measurements, the system’s algorithm determines if there will be any potential conflict between the approaching and the turning vehicles and warns the driver of the latter vehicle if such a conflict is found. The algorithm is based on realistic acceleration profile of the turning vehicle to estimate its acceleration rates at different times so that the system can accurately estimate the time and distance needed for the departing vehicle to accelerate to the same speed as for the approaching vehicle. That realistic acceleration profile is established using actual experimental data collected by a Global Positioning System (GPS) data logger device that was used to record the positions and instantaneous speeds of different right-turning vehicles at 1-s intervals. The algorithm also gives consideration to the time needed by the driver of the departing vehicle to perceive the message displayed by the system and react to it (to start departure) where it was found that 95% of drivers have a perception–reaction time of 1.89 s or less. A methodology is also illustrated to select the maximum measurement errors suggested for the detectors in measuring the locations of the approaching vehicle on the major road where it was found that the accuracy of the system significantly deteriorates if the errors in measuring the distance and the azimuth angle exceed 0.1 m and 0.2°, respectively. An application example is provided to illustrate the algorithm used by the proposed system.     

相邻双交叉口的三级模糊协调控制算法分析

提出一种相邻双交叉口三级模糊协调控制的算法,并通过遗传算法对模糊控制器各参数的隶属度函数顶点进行优化,设计实现相邻双交叉口协调控制的三级模糊协调控制器。通过使用MATLAB7．1进行编写仿真程序,在不同到达率情况下进行仿真,并且与传统单交叉口模糊控制方法进行比较。仿真结果表明,三级模糊协调控制可以有效减少相邻双交叉口车辆的平均延误。     

基于交通冲突分析方法的全无控制交叉口行车路权分析研究

本文以平面交叉口左右方车直行路权为基础进行研究,评定路权的优先次序,进而达到减少交通事故,促使驾驶者更安全的通过路口。在车辆靠右行驶规定下,利用交通冲突本文考虑临近路口宽度、路口大小,行车位置、行车速度等因素,分析的方结果表明,在道路车辆靠右行驶规定下,全无控行的规则更符合驾驶者行为与安全的要求。法,进行平面交叉口左右方车路权优先次序的分析。研究制交叉口左右方车路权优先的次序应以左方车让右方车先     

国标确定信号控制交叉口规划通行能力的方法

国标《城市道路交叉口规划规范》(GB 50647—2011)在国内首次提出了确定信号控制交叉口规划通行能力的新方法。为深入解析该方法,首先论述了已有规范的有关规定必须更新的理由,然后总结了英国、美国、澳大利亚、加拿大等国研究机构发表的较具影响的方法的优缺点。根据在国内各城市实测并进行统计分析的调查数据,参考国外的可行方法,阐述了中国确定信号控制交叉口规划通行能力方法的基本原则和特点。最后提出了未来需进一步改进的建议。