平面交叉口交通组织渠化若干问题的探讨

平面交叉口是我国城市交通节点的主要组成部分,合理地对其进行交通组织渠化是保证路网交通良好运行的基础,因此探讨平面交叉口交通组织渠化中的一些基本原则和框架是非常重要的。在此基础上,综合考虑各方面情况,在多目标和多原则中进行权衡和选择,可为实现良好的交通管控效果打下基础。     

考虑车辆价值的倒计时信号交叉口 驾驶员驾驶行为建模

为了发现车辆价值是否对驾驶员在倒计时信号交叉口的驾驶行为产生影响, 以激进型驾驶行为、普通型驾驶行为和保守型驾驶行为为典型的驾驶行为,运用交叉口 录像获取数据方法,采集了车辆经过典型倒计时信号交叉口时的车辆价值、车速、倒计时 剩余时间、所在车道等具体数据,并对3 种驾驶行为进行了判定,建立了分时段的倒计时 信号交叉口驾驶行为Logistic 模型.结果表明,在红灯倒计时显示的3~0 s 时间段内,与保 守型驾驶行为相比,激进型驾驶行为与车辆价值、车速、所在车道有关系,普通型驾驶行 为仅与车辆价值、车速有关系;在绿灯倒计时显示时间为3~0 s 与n ~3 s 的时间段内,激进 型驾驶行为与普通型驾驶行为与车辆价值、车速有关系.结果说明,驾驶员所驾驶的车辆 价值对驾驶员在倒计时信号交叉口的驾驶行为产生影响.     

信号控制交叉口自行车流体扩散模型

如何确定信号控制交叉口自行车的通行能力对交叉口配时和渠化设计有重要意义。揭示了信号控制交叉口自行车流的运行特性,建立了自行车流体扩散模型,对不同交叉口宽度、不同信号配时的混合交通条件下交叉口自行车通行能力进行计算,得出交叉口宽度与自行车通行能力呈负线性相关。通过自行车流体扩散影响分析,得出自行车对机动车、尤其是同向右转及对向左转车辆的通行能力影响较大的结论。最后,根据哈尔滨市4个信号控制交叉口实际调查数据,得到考虑机动车影响的信号控制交叉口自行车通行能力计算结果,并与北京市观测值进行了对比。     

Optimal vehicle speed trajectory on a signalized arterial with consideration of queue

Vehicle speed trajectory significantly impacts fuel consumption and greenhouse gas emissions, especially for trips on signalized arterials. Although a large amount of research has been conducted aiming at providing optimal speed advisory to drivers, impacts from queues at intersections are not considered. Ignoring the constraints induced by queues could result in suboptimal or infeasible solutions. In this study, a multi-stage optimal control formulation is proposed to obtain the optimal vehicle trajectory on signalized arterials, where both vehicle queue and traffic light status are considered. To facilitate the real-time update of the optimal speed trajectory, a constrained optimization model is proposed as an approximation approach, which can be solved much quicker. Numerical examples demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed optimal control model and the solution efficiency of the proposed approach.     

SIV-DSS: Smart In-Vehicle Decision Support System for driving at signalized intersections with V2I communication

In this paper, we present a Smart In-Vehicle Decision Support System (SIV-DSS) to help making better stop/go decisions in the indecision zone as a vehicle is approaching a signalized intersection. Supported by the Vehicle-to-Infrastructure (V2I) communications, the system integrates and utilizes the information from both vehicle and intersection. The effective decision support models of SIV-DSS are realized with the probabilistic sequential decision making process with the capability of combining a variety of advantages gained from a set of decision rules, where each decision rule is responsible to specific situations for making right decisions even without complete information. The decision rules are either extracted from the existing parametric models of the indecision zone problem, or designed as novel ones based on physical models utilizing the integrated information containing the key inputs from vehicle motion, vehicle-driver characteristics, intersection geometry and topology, signal phase and timings, and the definitions of red-light running (RLR). In SIV-DSS, the generality is reached through physical models utilizing a large number of accurate physical parameters, and the heterogeneity is treated by including a few behavioral parameters in driver characteristics. The performance of SIV-DSS is evaluated with systematic simulation experiments. The results show that the system can not only ensure traffic safety by greatly reducing the RLR probability, but also improve mobility by significantly reducing unnecessary stops at the intersection. Finally, we briefly discuss some relevant aspects and implications for SIV-DSS in practical implementations.     

Proposed collision warning system for right-turning vehicles at two-way stop-controlled rural intersections

At two-way stop-controlled (TWSC) rural intersections, a right-turning driver who is departing the minor road may select an improper gap and subsequently may be involved in a rear-end collision with another vehicle approaching on the rightmost lane on the major road. This paper provides perceptual framework and algorithm design of a proposed infrastructure-based collision warning system that has the potential to aid unprotected right-turning drivers at TWSC rural intersections. The proposed system utilizes a radar sensor that measures the location, speed, and acceleration of the approaching vehicle on the major road. Based on these measurements, the system’s algorithm determines if there will be any potential conflict between the approaching and the turning vehicles and warns the driver of the latter vehicle if such a conflict is found. The algorithm is based on realistic acceleration profile of the turning vehicle to estimate its acceleration rates at different times so that the system can accurately estimate the time and distance needed for the departing vehicle to accelerate to the same speed as for the approaching vehicle. That realistic acceleration profile is established using actual experimental data collected by a Global Positioning System (GPS) data logger device that was used to record the positions and instantaneous speeds of different right-turning vehicles at 1-s intervals. The algorithm also gives consideration to the time needed by the driver of the departing vehicle to perceive the message displayed by the system and react to it (to start departure) where it was found that 95% of drivers have a perception–reaction time of 1.89 s or less. A methodology is also illustrated to select the maximum measurement errors suggested for the detectors in measuring the locations of the approaching vehicle on the major road where it was found that the accuracy of the system significantly deteriorates if the errors in measuring the distance and the azimuth angle exceed 0.1 m and 0.2°, respectively. An application example is provided to illustrate the algorithm used by the proposed system.     

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城市公共交通优先通行是公交优先发展的一个重要措施，交叉口公共交通的优先通行能够减少公交车在交叉口的延误，从而有效地保证公交车的准时性，提高公交的服务水平，促进公共交通的发展，对缓解城市的交通压力和保证城市未来的可持续发展都具有重大意义.在回顾了国内外交叉口公交优先研究现状的基础上，指出了目前我国交叉口公交优先通行技术研究中的主要问题和不足，并探讨了交叉口公交优先技术研究的发展方向.     

关于城市道路合理间距理论推导的讨论

城市路网是城市交通与城市发展的骨架,对合理路网间距的认识是路网规划的关键。但对合理路网间距的认识存在若干观点,致使路网间距的合理取值范围较大。目前城市规划与交通工程专业书籍中经常提及的是路段通行能力的交叉口间距折减系数法和最佳公交线网密度分析法。本文采用逻辑推理的方法,指出路段通行能力的交叉口间距折减系数分析存在逻辑错误,公交最佳路网密度缺乏应有的应用前提分析,这些不足是导致我国城市路网密度不足的重要原因之一。     

公路交叉口交通安全诊断方法研究

公路交叉口交通安全诊断方法是对公路交叉口进行交通安全改善过程中重要的一个步骤。在大量资料和现场调查的基础上,总结分析了我国公路交叉口存在的各种不安全因素,并提出了一套非事故的、主观性的、预防性的交叉口安全问题诊断方法。     

Pre-timed control for an under-saturated and over-saturated isolated intersection: a Bee Colony Optimization approach

In this paper we study the problem of determining the optimum cycle and phase lengths for isolated signalized intersections. Calculation of the optimal cycle and green phase lengths is based on the minimization of the average control delay experienced by all vehicles that arrive at the intersection within a given time period. We consider under-saturated as well as over-saturated conditions at isolated intersections. The defined traffic signal timing problem, that belongs to the class of combinatorial optimization problems, is solved using the Bee Colony Optimization (BCO) metaheuristic approach. The BCO is a biologically inspired method that explores collective intelligence applied by honey bees during the nectar collecting process. The numerical experiments performed on some examples show that the proposed approach is competitive with other methods. The obtained results show that the proposed approach is capable of generating high-quality solutions within negligible processing times.